Comparative studies on the sex pheromones of Ostrinia spp. in Japan: the burdock borer, Ostrinia zealis

Summary. To gain insight into the evolution of the sex pheromone communication system in Ostrinia (Lepidoptera Pyralidae), the sex pheromone of the burdock borer, O. zealis was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), GC-mass spectrometry and a series of bioassays. Four EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:OAc), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc). The average amounts (ratio) of the four compounds in single sex pheromone glands were 2.5 ng (13%), 11.6 ng (61%), 4.1 ng (21%) and 0.9 ng (5%), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9-, E11- and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin females. 14:OAc did not show any enhancement or inhibition of the males’ behavioral responses when added to the ternary blend. The attractiveness of the 3-component lure to O. zealis males was also confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. zealis is composed of Z9-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio of 70:24:6. The evolutionary changes of the sex pheromones in Ostrinia are also discussed based on the presently available information on the sex pheromones and phylogenetic relationships of Ostrinia spp. Received 25 September 1998; accepted 2 December 1998.     

农业院校环境工程学课程教学改革初探

近几年,各高等院校环境类专业发展迅速,因此环境工程课程成为各校环境专业的主干课程,根据各校特色和实际情况改革传统环境工程学课程教学内容成为环境教育的一个关键问题。针对农业特色在农业院校环境工程学教学内容中的地位和重要作用,对农业院校环境工程学教学过程中存在的问题进行了分析,并对青岛农业大学近几年在环境类专业培养方案调整、课程教学大纲内容、教学手段、教学方法和实践训练方面积累的经验和今后发展方向进行了初步研究探讨。     

胺基修饰的大孔树脂吸附黄连素的研究

为了提高大孔吸附树脂对黄连素的吸附能力,根据黄连素结构特点,对具有苯乙烯骨架的H109树脂进行了胺基修饰.考察了胺基修饰后的特征基团、孔径和比表面积的变化,并测试了经胺基修饰后树脂对黄连素的吸附效果,确定了最佳吸附温度和初始pH.同时,对吸附过程进行吸附动力学和热力学的拟合与分析.红外扫描结果表明:胺基修饰成功,吸附过程中树脂上的胺基与黄连素分子中的醚基形成了氢键;胺基修饰后的HX树脂的孔径和比表面积有所增大,比吸附量比胺基修饰前增加7.9mg·g-1.HX树脂对黄连素的最佳吸附条件为30℃、初始pH值8.吸附过程可以采用伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线进行描述.     

直流电晕自由基簇射治理甲苯的试验研究

利用直流电晕自由基簇射对甲苯有机废气进行试验,分别考察了有机污染物浓度、温度、电压、湿度和停留趑时间等不同因素对去除率的影响.试验结果表明,降低气体温度和一定的湿度能够提高脱除效率,电压增高可以提高脱除效率,停留时间长使得脱除效率升高,但能量效率降低.有机物的浓度增大,会使得脱除效率降低,但同时能提高能量的利用效率.本实验的目的旨在为降解烟气中的多环芳烃(二噁英等)打下基础.     

酸雨的危害及其控制浅析

酸雨已成为全球性的环境问题之一,严重危害水生生态系统和陆地生态系统的健康。本文主要阐述了酸雨的成因、危害及目前比较流行的控制方法及工艺流程。