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241.
Pedretti D Masetti M Marangoni T Beretta GP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):607-624
A specific 2-year program to monitor and test both the vadose zone and the saturated zone, coupled with a numerical analysis,
was performed to evaluate the overall performance of slurry wall systems for containment of contaminated areas. Despite local
physical confinement (slurry walls keyed into an average 2-m-thick aquitard), for at least two decades, high concentrations
of chlorinated solvents (up to 110 mg l − 1) have been observed in aquifers that supply drinking water close to the city of Milan (Italy). Results of monitoring and
in situ tests have been used to perform an unsaturated-saturated numerical model. These results yielded the necessary quantitative
information to be used both for the determination of the hydraulic properties of the different media in the area and for the
calibration and validation of the numerical model. Backfill material in the shallower part of the investigated aquifer dramatically
affects the natural recharge of the encapsulated area. A transient simulation from wet to drought periods highlights a change
in the ratio between leakages from lateral barriers that support a specific scenario of water loss through the containment
system. The combination of monitoring and modelling allows a reliable estimate of the overall performance of the physical
confinement to be made without using any invasive techniques on slurry wall. 相似文献
242.
Librando V Tringali G Calastrini F Gualtieri G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):479-498
Mathematical models were developed to simulate the production and dispersion of aerosol phase atmospheric pollutants which are the main cause of the deterioration of monuments of great historical and cultural value. This work focuses on Particulate Matter (PM) considered the primary cause of monument darkening. Road traffic is the greatest contributor to PM in urban areas. Specific emission and dispersion models were used to study typical urban configurations. The area selected for this study was the city of Florence, a suitable test bench considering the magnitude of architectural heritage together with the remarkable effect of the PM pollution from road traffic. The COPERT model, to calculate emissions, and the street canyon model coupled with the CALINE model, to simulate pollutant dispersion, were used. The PM concentrations estimated by the models were compared to actual PM concentration measurements, as well as related to the trend of some meteorological variables. The results obtained may be defined as very encouraging even the models correlated poorly: the estimated concentration trends as daily averages moderately reproduce the same trends of the measured values. 相似文献
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Yuxin Lu Xiang Li Cagnetta Giovanni Bo Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):89
247.
Kimberly Anne Sing Daniel Hryhorczuk Giovanni Saffirio Thomas Sinks Daniel C. Paschal John Sorensen Edwin H. Chen 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(7):434-439
位于巴西北部的Catrimani河流域是雅诺马马人的居住地,且自1980年以来,一直是采金场所.金矿开采活动释放入环境中的无机汞会被转化为有机汞,且在水域生态系统会发生生物放大作用.摄食被汞污染鱼的人群,如雅诺马马人有可能会受到危害.我们分别于1994年和1995年对居住在采矿河流附近和非采矿河流附近的雅诺马马村民进行了调查,并且对被其捕捞的水虎鱼体内的汞含量进行了分析.我们分别于1994和1995年对5个村庄的90名雅诺马马印地安人和3个村庄的62名雅诺马马印地安人进行了调查研究.于1994年所调查的5个村庄中,有4个位于Catrimani河沿岸,大约在距过去金矿开采活动场所下游140~160km处.另一个村庄位于没有开采活动的ajaraní河沿岸.于1995年所调查的3个村庄中,有两个位于Catrimani河沿岸的村庄再一次被调查,另一个位于没有采矿活动的Pacu河.在被调查的所有村民中,其血液中有机汞含量的变化范围为0~62.6μg/L(每个村庄的平均值在21.2~43.1μg/L之间).采自有采矿活动的Catrimani河的水虎鱼汞含量的变化范围为235~1084ppb.在所测的13个水虎鱼样品中,有9个体长在30cm或更长的水虎鱼样品总汞含量超过了世界卫生组织和巴西卫生部规定的鱼中汞消费限值(500ppb).不幸的是,在没有开采活动的Ajaraní和Pacu河附近的居民和鱼体内都呈现出了较高的汞水平,这表明间接的汞源也会对亚马孙河流域造成环境污染. 相似文献
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Dandolo Gramellini Stefania Fieni Giovanna Casilla Stefano Raboni Giovanni Battista Nardelli 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(10):956-959
Objectives and Methods Assuming that the rate of fetal loss after amniocentesis may be reduced in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, we conducted a retrospective study on untreated versus treated patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid or azithromycin) and evaluated the fetal loss rate within the 22nd week of gestation, also with respect to the risk of spontaneous abortion, both preexisting and related to mid-trimester amniocentesis. Results Spontaneous abortion occurred in 22 cases out of 1744 (1.26%). The incidence of spontaneous abortion was 1.3% among patients treated with antibiotic prophylaxis and 1.2% among untreated patients. Between patients with risk factors that predated amniocentesis, the spontaneous fetal loss rate was 9.2% in untreated patients versus 2.3% in patients treated (p = 0.10). In patients with procedure-related risk factors at amniocentesis, the spontaneous abortion rate was, respectively, 2.2 and 1.2% (p = 0.72). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of spontaneous abortion within the 22nd week of gestation. Compared with untreated patients, patients treated with amoxicillin showed the lower fetal loss rate (1.16 vs 0.31%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 3.68, p = 0.32). The same was true for patients with preexisting risks (OR = 4.25, p = 0.10). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Daniela Turchetti Elisabetta Razzaboni Hila Zomer Cesare Rossi Simona Ferrari Donatella Greco Claudio Graziano Giovanni Romeo Marco Seri 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(12):1156-1159
Angelman Syndrome (AS), characterized by mental retardation, absence of speech, seizures and motor dysfunction, is caused by genetic defects leading to loss of expression of the maternal copy of the chromosome 15q11–13 imprinted region. Most cases are sporadic, being caused by de novo deletion of maternal chromosome 15q11–13 (75%) or by paternal uniparental disomy (3–4%). Familial cases can occur, due to mutations in the UBE3A gene or in the imprinting center. We describe the case of a pregnant woman having two nephews with AS caused by a UBE3A mutation; lack of communication within the family led the woman to be completely unaware of the risk of disease recurrence until 15 weeks of gestation. UBE3A genetic testing revealed she carried the familial mutation 892–893delCT. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on amniotic fluid and demonstrated that the fetus had inherited the mutation. The unexpected diagnosis and the subsequent termination of the pregnancy caused the woman to undergo acute psychological distress showing relevant psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, at 2-year follow-up, adverse consequences were minimized, and the couple was planning a new pregnancy. Factors affecting the psychological outcome of abortion and the role of psychological support in reducing the risk of long-term unfavorable consequences are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献