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21.
22.
Several multicriteria evaluation techniques have been developed since the 1970s. The need to compare different territorial
policies has justified their introduction into environmental research. These methods are based on the numerical manipulation
of heterogeneous information, which varies in terms of reference scale and type of measure (continuous, ordinal, qualitative,
binary, etc.).
During recent years, diverse investigations have focused on general conditions on Salina, the “green island” of the Aeolian
archipelago. Such studies, within an interdisciplinary project, aimed to explore the possibility of implementing conservation
strategies that are compatible with human needs, landscape preservation, and sustainable economic development.
Three different evaluation techniques are applied, namely multicriteria weighted concordance and discordance analysis and
a qualitative procedure. They are used to compare four alternative plans for the socioeconomic development of Salina Island.
These plans lie between extreme alternatives: total protection of natural resources and maximizing economic development based
on tourism. The plans are compared to each other on the basis of 14 criteria that reflect the socioenvironmental perception
of Salina's inhabitants.
The approach used in this research seems particularly fruitful because of its flexibility: it offers decision makers the chance
to manage heterogeneous data and information that is not easily quantifiable. Such “soft” information helps to evaluate environmental
conditions more precisely, and to make a less damaging choice among alternative development plans. 相似文献
23.
Conan C Bouraoui F Turpin N de Marsily G Bidoglio G 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(6):2026-2032
In the intensive pig-farming (Sus scrofa) area of Brittany (western France), many surface and subsurface water resources are contaminated by nitrate (NO3) with concentrations that chronically exceed the European Community 50 mg L(-1) drinking standard. To ensure sustainable water supply, the fate of NO3 must be considered in both surface water and ground water. The fate of N was investigated in a Britain catchment, the Co?t-Dan watershed, with an integrated management tool: the hydrological SWAT model coupled with the ground water model MODFLOW, and its companion contaminant and solute transport model MT3DMS. The model was validated with respect to water quantity during a 6-yr period and for the NO3 concentration during a 44-mo period, at two gauging stations in the catchment. The coupled models reproduced accurately the measurements. At the basin outlet, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.88 for monthly flow for the entire period and 0.87 for monthly N load. Alternative scenarios were simulated and showed potential benefits of decreasing manure application from 210 to 170 kg N ha(-1) as required by the European Commission Nitrates Directive. 相似文献
24.
Alberto Pivato Stefano Vanin Luca Palmeri Alberto Barausse Giovanni Mangione Michele Rasera Monego Gianluca 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(7):1607-1615
The Biopotentiality Index is a landscape ecology indicator, which can be used to estimate the latent energy of a given land and to assess the environmental impacts due to the loss of naturalness on a landscape scale. This indicator has been applied to estimate the effectiveness of the measures put in place to provide an environmental compensation for the revamping of a composting plant. These compensation measures are represented by a green belt with a minimum width of 25 m all around the plant, representing both a windbreak and a buffer zone, and by two wide wooded zones acting as core natural areas.This case-study shows that the compensation index could be used as a key tool in order to negotiate the acceptance of waste treatment plant with the population. 相似文献
25.
26.
Giovanni Bella 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(6):629-638
The model presented in this paper describes an economy with endogenous technical change and polluting production techniques. The main question we want to address is whether the adoption of “dirty” production processes might lead to a sustainable unique steady state, or guarantee the emergence of multiple equilibria. The application of the original Bogdanov–Takens theorem allows us to characterize the regions of the parametric space where the model exhibits either a global indeterminate equilibrium or a poverty-environment trap. 相似文献
27.
Marine Conservation on Paper 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giovanni Bearzi 《Conservation biology》2007,21(1):1-3
28.
Antonio Bucci Vincenzo Allocca Gino Naclerio Giovanni Capobianco Fabio Divino Francesco Fiorillo Fulvio Celico 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,(1):131-138
The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the winter period and during grazing, viable cells of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci were detected only in the first 10 cm below ground, while,after the winter period and before the new seasonal grazing, a lower number of viable cells of both faecal indicators was detected only in some of the investigated soil profiles, and within the first 5 cm. Taking into consideration the results of specific investigations, we hypothesise that the non-uniform spatial distribution of grass roots within the studied soil can play an important role in influencing this phenomenon, while several abiotic factors do not play any significant role. Taking into account the local trend in the increase of air temperature, a different distribution of microbial pollution over time is expected in spring waters, in future climate scenarios. The progressive increase in air temperature will cause a progressive decrease in freeze/thaw cycles at higher altitudes, minimising cold shocks on microbial cells, and causing spring water pollution also during winter. 相似文献
29.
Marina Isidori Elio Coppola Maria Rosaria Iesce Flavio Cermola Giovanni Papa Alfredo Parrella 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):891-900
The microcrustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus was used to detect the toxicity reduction of carboxin in abiotic degradation compared to biotic degradation. The abiotic degradation was obtained using two sterilized Entisols with different surface properties while the biotic degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained using the fungicide as the only C source. The results showed that the highest toxicity reduction rates for the abiotic degradation were achieved in 20 days with 49.2% for the coarser soil, 60.7% for the soil with a finer texture, whereas for the biotic degradation, 60.6%. Analysis (1H NMR) showed that the soils transformed carboxin to produce sulfoxide and enol in different concentrations depending on the soil properties, while P. aeruginosa metabolized the fungicide to produce inorganic compounds such as ammonium and nitrite, minor degradation pathways were oxidized to sulfoxide and hydrolytic ring-opening to 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]acetoacetanilide enol. These results indicated that the degradation of carboxin occurred via abiotic catalytic processes as well as via biotic transformation leading to less toxic derivatives and such phenomena are caused by exchange/surface features of soils, rather than by the mere content of clay or organic matter fractions. 相似文献
30.
Giovanni Nigro Renato La Torre Eleonora Sali Maura Auteri Manuela Mazzocco Luca Maranghi Erich Cosmi 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(7):558-561
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of prenatal neurological damage, which is particularly severe when primary maternal infection occurs during the first 16 weeks of gestation, at the time of organ development and neuronal migration. Vascular involvement has been suggested to be among thepossible pathogenic mechanisms of virus-induced pathology, in addition to direct viral effects. We report on a fetus with cerebral CMV infection, which had intraventricular haemorrhage, together with oligohydramnios and hyperechogenic bowel, following maternal primary CMV infection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献