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61.
I. Made Arcana Bunbun Bundjali M. Hasan Ketut Hariyawati Helen Mariani Shinta Dewi Anggraini Aditya Ardana 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):188-195
Poly(urethane-ester) was prepared by polymerization of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and prepolymers of ε-caprolactone and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol monomers P(CL-DP) with various chain lengths as polyol sources. Characterizations of poly(urethane-ester) were carried out by analysis of functional groups (FTIR), thermal properties (DTA/TGA), mechanical properties (Tensile tester), crystallinity (XRD), and biodegradability. The chain length of prepolymers used in polymerization has a significant effect in properties of poly(urethane-ester) as well as their biodegradability. The formation of poly(urethane-ester) was indicated by the presence of new absorption peaks at wave number of 3,348.2 and 1,596.9 cm?1 for urethane (–NH–) and aromatic groups in chain of polymers, respectively. The increase chain length of prepolymer used in polymerization with 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) was observed the increase thermal property and crystallinity of poly(urethane-ester). However, the maximum mechanical property and also biodegradability in activated sludge were observed in poly(urethane-ester) prepared by polymerization of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and P(CL-DP) prepolymers with DP/CL ratio of 1/20. Apparently, the amorphous parts of polymers are rapidly decomposed by enzymes of microorganisms, so the crystallinity on the whole of poly(urethane-ester) increases after incubation time of 30 days. 相似文献
62.
Giulio Ecchia Luca Lambertini Alessandro Tampieri 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(3):319-323
We investigate the introduction of a minimum quality standard (MQS) in a vertically differentiated duopoly with an environmental externality. We establish that the MQS bites only if the hedonic component of consumer preferences is sufficiently strong. Then, we illustrate an underlying trade-off between the beneficial effects of quality enhancement on prices and the associated undesirable increase in the environmental externality. 相似文献
63.
Massimiliano Agovino Antonio Garofalo Angela Mariani 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(2):589-605
The aim of this paper was twofold: on the one hand, we analyse the results achieved in terms of percentages of separate collection in Italy by testing the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 in improving the separate collection process; and on the other hand, we investigate on some of the factors, related to the sociocultural local context, that could explain the different impacts of the law in the three macro-areas considered (North, Central and South Italy). To this purpose, an econometric analysis on the Italian regions for the 1996–2013 period is performed, comparing the period before (1996–2006) and after (2006–2013) the date of entry into force of the new law. The results show the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 in promoting separate collection, although a regional difference in terms of separate collection rate is observed. Northern regions proved to be more dynamic and reactive to the above-mentioned legislation, while Central and especially Southern regions achieved poorer results in moving to higher separate waste collection rates. Finally, our work provides evidence on some local factors that may have hampered an effective policy implementation in Southern regions, among them, the presence of criminal activities and the lack of citizen participation in politics. 相似文献
64.
Bryan W. Clark A. J. Bone R. T. Di Giulio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13898-13908
Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (Portsmouth, VA, USA) are exposed to a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from former creosote operations, but are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by PAHs. The resistance is associated with a dramatic recalcitrance to induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1) metabolism enzymes following exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists, along with an elevated antioxidant response and increased expression of several other xenobiotic metabolism and excretion enzymes. However, the heritability of the resistance in the absence of chemical stressors has been inconsistently demonstrated. Understanding the heritability of this resistance will help clarify the nature of population-level responses to chronic exposure to PAH mixtures and aid in identifying the important mechanistic components of resistance to aryl hydrocarbons. We compared the response of Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and a mixture of BkF and fluoranthene (Fl) to that of F1 embryos of reference site killifish. Resistance to cardiac teratogenesis and induction of CYP mRNA expression and CYP activity was determined. We found that both Atlantic Wood F1 and F2 embryos were highly resistance to cardiac teratogenesis. However, the resistance by Atlantic Wood F2 embryos to induction of CYP mRNA expression and enzyme activity was intermediate between that of Atlantic Wood F1 embryos and reference embryos. These results suggest that resistance to cardiac teratogenesis in Atlantic Wood fish is conferred by multiple factors, not all of which appear to be fully genetically heritable. 相似文献
65.
Celina M. Junges Eduardo E. Vidal Andrés M. Attademo Melisa L. Mariani Leandro Cardell Antonio C. Negro 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):163-170
The H2O2/UVC process was applied to the photodegradation of a commercial formulation of glyphosate in water. Two organisms (Vibrio fischeri bacteria and Rhinella arenarum tadpoles) were used to investigate the toxicity of glyphosate in samples M1, M2, and M3 following different photodegradation reaction times (120, 240 and 360 min, respectively) that had differing amounts of residual H2O2. Subsamples of M1, M2, and M3 were then used to create samples M1,E, M2,E and M3,E in which the H2O2 had been removed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in tadpoles to determine possible sub-lethal effects. In V. fischeri, M1,E, which was collected early in the photodegradation process, caused 52% inhibition, while M3,E, which was collected at the end of the photodegradation process, caused only 17% inhibition. Survival of tadpoles was 100% in samples M2, M3, and in M1,E, M2,E and M3,E. The lowest percentages of enzymatic inhibition were observed in samples without removal of H2O2: 13.96% (AChE) and 16% (BChE) for M2, and 24.12% (AChE) and 13.83% (BChE) for M3. These results show the efficiency of the H2O2/UVC process in reducing the toxicity of water or wastewater polluted by commercial formulations of glyphosate. According to the ecotoxicity assays, the conditions corresponding to M2 (11 ± 1 mg a.e. L?1 glyphosate and 11 ± 1 mg L?1 H2O2) could be used as a final point for glyphosate treatment with the H2O2/UV process. 相似文献
66.
Treatment of microbiologically polluted aquaculture waters by a novel photochemical technique of potentially low environmental impact 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Magaraggia M Faccenda F Gandolfi A Jori G 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(9):923-931
The applicability of a novel procedure for the disinfection of microbiologically polluted waters from fish-farming ponds, based on the combined action of visible light (including sunlight) and porphyrin-type photosensitising agents, has been investigated using (a) cell cultures of a Gram-positive bacterium (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), a Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and a fungal pathogen (Saprolegnia spp.); (b) pilot aquaculture plants involving either spontaneously or artificially Saprolegnia-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The results obtained by using two cationic porphyrins, namely a tetra-substituted N-methyl-pyridyl-porphine (C1) and its analogue where one N-methyl group had been replaced by a N-tetradecyl chain (C14), and low intensity visible light irradiation showed an extensive (up to 6-7 log) decrease in the bacterial/fungal population after short incubation and irradiation times in the presence of micromolar photosensitiser concentrations. Moreover, C14 showed some toxic effect also in the absence of light. Extension of these studies to the pilot plants indicated that both C1 + light and C14 can prevent Saprolegnia infections or promote the cure of saprolegniasis in infected trout by treatments with submicromolar porphyrin doses. The procedure appears to be of low cost and to have a low environmental impact. 相似文献
67.
We present a case of false-negative discrepancy between extraembryonic and fetal tissue sampled at 14 weeks of amenorrhoea when ultrasound examination showed morphological anomalies of the fetus. The same cytogenetic characteristic was confirmed on tissue samples after abortion. 相似文献
68.
Vives I Müller A Umlauf G Christoph EH Mariani G Skejo H Cenci RM Sena F Beone GM 《Environment international》2008,34(7):994-1000
Trace elements and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in soils from rural and light-industrialized sites (n=168) of Province of Pavia (Northern Italy). Most of the trace element values fit in typical ranges of concentrations in soils and are similar to the ones reported for rural sites in Italy or sites with no direct anthropogenic impact. Total concentrations of 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted PCDD/Fs in superficial soils ranged between 24.4 and 1287 pg g(-1) dw (0.5-28.9 pg WHO(98)-TEQ g(-1) dw). The North Eastern part of the Province presented significantly higher levels (p<0.001) than the rest of the Province for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn and PCDD/Fs. While the existence of a defined heavy metal polluting source for this specific site has been suggested, in the case of PCDD/Fs, profiles were not linked to any specific emission source fingerprint. In the whole extension of Pavia Province, OCDD/F dominated the 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted congener soil pattern, followed by the 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 hepta-CDD/F congener. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that this profile could not be associated to any described PCDD/F emission source fingerprint and was relatively similar to the baseline deposition of sites with no direct impact of PCDD/F emission sources independently of land use. 相似文献
69.
Maria Cavedon Bridgett vonHoldt Mark Hebblewhite Troy Hegel Elizabeth Heppenheimer Dave Hervieux Stefano Mariani Helen Schwantje Robin Steenweg Megan Watters Marco Musiani 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13900
Genetic mechanisms determining habitat selection and specialization of individuals within species have been hypothesized, but not tested at the appropriate individual level in nature. In this work, we analyzed habitat selection for 139 GPS-collared caribou belonging to 3 declining ecotypes sampled throughout Northwestern Canada. We used Resource Selection Functions comparing resources at used and available locations. We found that the 3 caribou ecotypes differed in their use of habitat suggesting specialization. On expected grounds, we also found differences in habitat selection between summer and winter, but also, originally, among the individuals within an ecotype. We next obtained Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for the same caribou individuals, we detected those associated to habitat selection, and then identified genes linked to these SNPs. These genes had functions related in other organisms to habitat and dietary specializations, and climatic adaptations. We therefore suggest that individual variation in habitat selection was based on genotypic variation in the SNPs of individual caribou, indicating that genetic forces underlie habitat and diet selection in the species. We also suggest that the associations between habitat and genes that we detected may lead to lack of resilience in the species, thus contributing to caribou endangerment. Our work emphasizes that similar mechanisms may exist for other specialized, endangered species. 相似文献
70.
Al Mussa Ugak Mohd Mohamad Nurul Elyani Rajin Mariani Lamaming Junidah Saalah Sariah Yaser Abu Zahrim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):899-909
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Composting is a sustainable solution on campus for waste management as it is essential for achieving the ideal circular economy. This study aims to... 相似文献