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51.
Jürgen Maguhn Helmut Selinger Alexander Ziegler-Jöns Dietmar Knoppik 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1994,6(3):123-130
The effect of short-time fumigation with the peroxidic photooxidants ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the gas exchange of wheat leaves was investigated. Two types of experiments are to be distinguished:
- Fumigation is carried out at atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (350 μbar) and the assimilation and transpiration rates are followed simultaneously.
- The alteration of CO2-response curves by fumigation is determined; from this, characteristic photosynthetic parameters can be calculated.
52.
We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among different size groups of the pelagic microcopepod Oncaea venusta Philippi, 1843, by comparing the patterns of genetic variation of specimens collected at five locations of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses were based on sequence data obtained from two DNA markers: A 310 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and a 480 bp fragment of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). The cyt b sequences showed a much higher level of variation than those from ITS1, but the conclusion from both genes was concordant. Four genetic clades could be differentiated. A small- and a large-size group were unambiguously assigned to two distinct clades or lineages. Unexpectedly, the medium-sized individuals could be divided into another two different genetic clades. All four lineages were supported by high bootstrap values. The high levels of sequence divergence under sympatric conditions indicated that at least the two main groups, the large and the small one, may be assigned to different species. For the medium-size group additional morphological studies and more sensitive nuclear markers are required to clarify their taxonomic status. 相似文献
53.
Dietmar Glindemann Ulrich Stottmeister Armin Bergmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1996,3(1):17-19
The possible liberation of highly toxic and mutagenic phosphine from putrefying media raises the question of its significance as a problem of hygiene. Free phosphine was established by gas chromatography as a universal trace component in gas emitted from the anaerobic biosphere. Sources of phosphine include landfills, compost processing, sewage sludge, animal slurry and river sediments. We detected maximum concentrations in the order of 20 ppb(v/v). 相似文献
54.
Marc Naguib Roger Mundry Henrike Hultsch Dietmar Todt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2002,52(3):216-223
In most species of song birds, males develop song repertoires of several different songs. Among this variety, different songs may be used differently in communication and, thus, may have different functions. Here we studied vocal responses to playback of structurally different songs in male territorial nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos). Nightingales have enormous vocal repertoires of about 200 song types. Among these songs, one category, whistle songs, sticks out syntactically and acoustically. Here we tested whether or not male nightingales match whistle songs with whistle songs and, if so, whether they also match the pitch of the broadcast whistles. Furthermore, we also tested if nightingales treat whistle songs as a separate category of songs. We conducted interactive playback experiments on nocturnal song in which each male received three playback treatments that differed in the number of whistle songs broadcast. Males responded differently during playbacks by singing significantly more whistle songs when the playback tapes contained many whistle songs than when they contained no whistle songs. Males also frequently matched the pitch of the broadcast whistle songs. In contrast to responses during playback, after the playback terminated males sang more whistle songs when no whistle songs were broadcast than when many whistle songs were broadcast. These findings suggest that whistle songs have a specific signal value and that nightingales treat them as a special song category. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0511-1. 相似文献
55.
This article presents several case studies in southwest Germany, which aimed to support land use management decisions by a
process-oriented statistical upscaling of point-related environmental monitoring data to the landscape scale. When techniques
of data subsetting were used in a sensible way and corresponding to the appropriate scale for the evaluation envisaged, multiple
linear regression offered a data mining technique which was able to spatially predict relatively complex environmental patterns
with parsimonious, interpretable and accurate models, whereby different evaluation scales were best represented by different
DTM resolutions. Scenario models based upon the regression formulas were a valuable tool for visualizing management options
and evaluating management impacts (tree species selection) on soil functions (carbon storage), which qualifies the presented
methodology as a useful aid in decision making. Such upscaling techniques may be used for forecasting long-term effects of
ecosystem management, but they provided no information on temporal dynamics. Therefore, time trends of point information on
soil solution data were scaled by linking them to soil chemical data which was available in higher spatial resolution, using
both statistical and process-oriented methods. 相似文献
56.
Charlotte Pfeiffer Christoph Emmerling Dietmar Schröder Jürgen Niemeyer 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(3):147-153
The influence of four synthetic chemicals (nonylphenol, ethynyl-estradiol, ivermectin, monesin) on the biomass and on the microbial activity was studied in a laboratory experiment using a typical luvisol derived from loess. The polyether antibiotic monensin, the antiparasitic agent ivermectin and the two environmental chemicals with endocrine effects nonylphenol and ethynylestradiol were chosen because of their toxicity to different organisms and known biological activity. These agents may enter the soil together with sewage sludge or manure. To date, however, the effects on soil have hardly been studied. Selected microbial methods revealed in part very significant effects on the microbial biomass and microbial activity during constant physical (15°C, 50% water holding capicity) and chemical conditions (pH, Corg) 1, 14 and 42 days after contamination. 相似文献
57.
Breuer D Heckmann P Gusbeth K Schwab G Blaskowitz M Moritz A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):440-445
Until 2009, the limit values for airborne sulfuric acid in Europe were based on the inhalable particle fraction (e.g. MAK (Maximum allowed concentration at workplace) value 0.1 mg m(-3) as the inhalable fraction). With the publication of the Commission Directive 2009/161/EU, an Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value (IOELV) of 0.05 mg m(-3) for sulfuric acid aerosols was based for the first time on the thoracic particle fraction. To permit a comparison of the measured values for the inhalable fraction with those of the thoracic fraction and to quantify the thoracic fraction, a cyclone was fabricated out of sulfuric-acid-resistant stainless steel that achieves suitable collection characteristics (PM(10)) at a flow rate of 5.34 L min(-1). 49 measurements were carried out in parallel in 21 companies. At concentrations well below the IOELV, there is little difference between the thoracic and inhalable particle concentrations. At higher concentrations (>0.1 mg m(-3) inhalable aerosol), larger droplets have a marked effect on the measured values and the thoracic fraction accounts for only 32.1 ± 12.5% of the inhalable fraction. The EU's IOELV and the proposal of the MAK Commission therefore provide a comparable level of protection. In the transposition of the IOELV into national law, an air limit of 0.1 mg m(-3) could therefore be implemented for the inhalable fraction. 相似文献
58.
Park EK Mak SK Kültz D Hammock BD 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(1):71-74
The present study investigates renal inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) for evaluation of cytotoxicity of nephrotoxic compounds. The 24 h LC(50) values for cisplatin, paraquat and ibuprofen in mIMCD3 cells were 135, 155 and 3600 microM, respectively. The 24 h LC(50) values for paraquat and ibuprofen in HEK293 cells were 180 and 1000 microM, respectively. Effects of hyperosmolality on cytotoxicity of paraquat were additive in mIMCD3 cells. These data demonstrate that renal hyperosmolality has an additive effect on cytoxicity of paraquat. 相似文献
59.
Role of protein, amino acids, and enzyme activity on odor production from anaerobically digested and dewatered biosolids. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Matthew J Higgins Gregory Adams Yen-Chih Chen Zeynep Erdal Robert H Forbes Dietmar Glindemann J Ronald Hargreaves David McEwen Sudhir N Murthy John T Novak Jay Witherspoon 《Water environment research》2008,80(2):127-135
The main objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that bioavailable protein and, more specifically, the sulfur-containing amino acids within the protein, can be degraded by proteolytic enzymes to produce odor-causing compounds--mainly volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)--during biosolids storage. To achieve these objectives, samples of digester effluent and cake solids were collected at 11 different wastewater treatment plants in North America, and the samples were analyzed for protein and amino acid content and general protein-degrading enzyme activity. At the same time, cake samples were stored using headspace bottles, the concentration of VSCs were measured using gas chromatography, and olfactometry measurements were made by a trained odor panel. The results showed that the bound cake protein content and methionine content was well-correlated with VSC production and the detection threshold measured by the odor panel. 相似文献
60.
Thorsten Zellmann Alexandra S. Bäuerle Dietmar Jahnke 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(3):163-167
Although problems may occur in the implementation of environmental management systems (EMS) in agriculture, an EMS can be a suitable farm management tool. In the past, pilot projects have revealed that the environmental audit as a base analysis still contains methodical weak points. A uniform procedure for the implementation process is not possible due to variations in the structure of farms in Germany with respect to size, employee structure and capital resources. While the resource costs which occur on larger farms can lead to a benefit due to increased efficiency, this has not yet been established for smaller farms. In these cases, other measures such as the implementation of generic management systems (especially environment and quality) or a farm-specific implementation of a management system without the cost-intensive certification may be a possible alternative. 相似文献