森林凋落物研究现状及我国西南喀斯特地区研究展望

近几十年来,我国西南喀斯特地区生态环境退化严重,石漠化面积迅速扩大,林地覆盖率急剧下降,成为制约我国西部大开发生态建设中不可回避的重要科学问题,严重影响了西南地区社会、经济的可持续发展。喀斯特地区土层薄且侵蚀严重,土壤中的有机碳和营养盐主要来自地表枯枝落叶层的分解及累积。在气候变暖、陆地生态系统土壤温度升高、土壤有机碳急速流失和土壤质量退化的背景下,分析不同林下凋落物量和降解动态以及土壤有机碳库积累差异,揭示西南喀斯特地区不同林地凋落物归还量及其对土壤碳库积累的贡献具有极其重要的意义,将为喀斯特地区林地恢复重建和石漠化遏制工作提供科研依据。     

Team job‐related anxiety and creativity: Investigating team‐level and cross‐level moderated curvilinear relationships

Researchers have examined the effects of individual job‐related anxiety on employee attitudes and behaviors but have yet to examine whether team job‐related anxiety would have similar or different effects. Building on prior research on negative group affective tone and creativity, we propose that team job‐related anxiety has an inverted U‐shaped curvilinear relationship with both team and individual creativity. Furthermore, we posit that team cooperativeness moderates those curvilinear relationships. Using a two‐wave research design and matched employee‐supervisor data from 290 employees nested in 65 teams, we found support for the proposed inverted U‐shaped relationships. Moreover, the intermediate level of team job‐related anxiety was associated with higher individual creativity in teams with higher cooperativeness. We conclude the study with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

Overview on LFG projects in China

Since the first landfill gas (LFG) power plant in China was built in 1998, by now more than 10 years have passed. In this period the LFG utilization process has progressed greatly in China. An overall review of the process is presented in this paper, which includes the background of policies, the information about the approval procedure of LFG projects, and the theoretical methods used to estimate the amount of LFG’s generation. Detailed analysis on the project practice, such as LFG collection techniques, LFG utilization condition in China, is made. According to statistic data, before the end of 2008, 26 LFG power projects have been built and put into operation with total power capacity around 56.8 MW, and 2.234 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent abatement has been achieved annually by all of these LFG projects. The future of LFG industry in China is expected that there is still considerable developing space for LFG utilization in the near coming years, however after 2012, the progress speed may slow down because of some adverse aspects, such as available landfill resource becomes scarce, new laws implemented in China might exclude Chinese landfills from future CDM activities, etc.     

Oxidation of industrial dyeing wastewater by supercritical water oxidation in transpiring-wall reactor.

Industrial dyeing wastewater was oxidized in supercritical water in a transpiring-wall reactor, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Experiments were performed at 595 to 704 K and 18 to 30 MPa, with an oxidant dosage ratio ranging from 0.6 to 2.0. A chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of more than 98.4% was achieved at 704 K and 28 MPa, with a retention time less than 35 seconds, which increased with the temperature, pressure, and oxidant. A modified first-order rate expression was regressed from experimental data, taking into account the influence of induction time. The resulting pre-exponential factor, A, and activation energy, Ea, were 1.07 seconds(-1) and 12.12 kJ x mol(-1), respectively, while the reaction order for feed wastewater (based on COD) and oxidant were assumed to be 1 and 0, respectively. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for effluents indicated that carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen were the main reaction products, and phenol; benzenecarboxylic acid; 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid; and isoquinoline were detected as intermediates.     

Role of the rhizosphere of a flooding-tolerant herb in promoting mercury methylation in water-level fluctuation zones

The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury (Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury (MeHg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb (bermudagrass) on MeHg production. The elevated Hg and MeHg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving MeHg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgcA-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical iron-reducing bacterium (Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgcA genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated MeHg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.     

Effect of methamidophos and urea application on microbial communities in soils as determined by microbial biomass and community level physiological profiles

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the application by two agrochemicals, methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate) and urea, on microbial diversity in soil, using the combined approaches of soil microbial biomass analysis and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs). The results showed that both a low and a high level of methamidophos application (CS2 and CS3) and urea application (CS4) significantly decreased microbial biomass C (Cmic) by 41-83% compared with the control (CS1). The soil organic C (Corg) values of CS3 and CS4 were significantly higher and lower by 24% and 14%, respectively, than that of CS1. Similarly to Cmic, the values of Cmic/Corg of the three applied soils which decreased were lower by 31-84% than that of CS1. In contrast, the respiration activity of the three applied soils were significantly higher than the control. Agrochemical application also significantly increased the soil total of N and P (Ntol and Ptol) and decreased the Corg/Ntol and Corg/Ptol values. The CLPPs results showed that the AWCD (average well color development) of the three applied soils were significantly higher than that of CS1 during the incubation period. Substrate richness, Shannon and Simpson indices of microbial communities under chemical stresses, increased significantly. In addition, the CFU (colony-forming unit) numbers of methamidophos metabolized bacteria in CS2 and CS3 also increased significantly by 86.1% and 188.9% compared with that of CS1. The combined results suggest that agrochemicals reduce microbial biomass and enhance functional diversities of soil microbial communities; meanwhile, some species of bacteria may be enriched in soils under methamidophos stress.     

大力发展循环经济促进区域经济持续发展

党中央在科学总结国内外发展经验教训和充分吸收人类文明进步成果的基础上,提出了科学发展观。这是对经济、社会、自然发展规律认识的不断深化,是发展观念上的伟大创新,是对马克思主义发展观的最新贡献。从某种意义上讲,科学发展观源于可持续发展战略,可持续发展又源于环境保护。大力发展循环经济,是落实科学发展观的现实载体,是促进区域经济持续发展的必然途径,是调整结构、走新型工业化道路的战略选择。循环经济作为一种新的技术范式,一种新的生产力发展方式,为实施新型工业化开辟了新的道路。发展循环经济,就是要用循环经济理念指导和规…     

水淬渣-累托石混合吸附剂处理含Cu2+冶金废水的研究

研究了以水淬渣-累托石为吸附剂对含Cu²⁺的冶金废水进行处理。实验结果表明，在不调节含Cu²⁺冶金废水pH值的条件下，水淬渣与累托石质量比为3∶1，吸附剂用量为0.03g/mL，作用时间为20 min, 温度为25℃（常温）时，Cu²⁺的去除率达99.8％，对Cu²⁺的吸附容量为0.302mg/g，处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）一级标准。水淬渣-累托石混合吸附剂比水淬渣或累托石单一吸附剂除     

黄磷废水中氟化物的物化处理研究

本文利用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝PAC ,然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的二级处理工艺除氟。通过控制合适的 pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量 ,确定了最佳的除氟工艺 ,可以使氟的浓度降至 5mg/L ,达到国家一级排放标准GB8978 1996。     

生物催化氧化法脱除H2S的填料选择研究

针对H2S污染的严峻形势,构建了包括催化再生装置和生物滴滤器的生物催化氧化装置,进行了装置的填料选择研究.经对比试验得出填料脱硫性能的优劣顺序为:沸石＞焦炭＞多面空心塑料小球.在温度为30 ℃、进气量为0.25 m3/h、进气H2S为2 000 mg/m3、喷淋量为1 000 mL/h、喷淋液的pH为1.97、Fe3 为0.05 mol/L的条件下,装填沸石的生物催化氧化装置的出气H2S浓度足以达到<恶臭污染物排放标准>(GB 14554-93)规定的一级厂界标准值.试验证明,生物催化氧化法是有效的新型脱除H2S技术,具有良好的经济、社会及环境效益,应进一步开展中试研究.