柴油发电机房在职业卫生评价中的关键点分析

针对柴油发电机组产生的职业病危害因素及危害程度在评价报告中常常被评价人员忽略这一现状,结合柴油发电机房存在的主要职业病危害因素及特点进行分析,得出柴油发电机房在职业卫生评价工作中的关键点,以方便评价人员应用。     

Environmental geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements in surface waters in the Huainan coal mining area,Anhui Province,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study investigated the environmental geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements (REEs) in surface waters in the Huainan mining area, Anhui...     

Can China achieve food security through the development of irrigation?

Regional Environmental Change - China faces the dual challenge of water scarcity and food security with continued population growth. This paper explores methods to meet that demand without...     

Simultaneous measurements of arsenic and sulfide using diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a dynamically passive sampling technique which has been applied increasingly to the environmental monitoring field. In the preliminary period, the DGT with zirconium hydroxide-silver iodide as the binding phase (ZrO-AgI DGT) has been developed for the determination of sulfide (S(II)). On this basis, this paper developed its determination method for inorganic arsenite (As(III)) to further realize the simultaneous and high-resolution measurements of labile inorganic As and S(II) in sediments. ZrO-AgI binding gel had a strong ability in adsorbing and fixing As(III), showing a linear increase in the initial 12.5 min. After saturation of S(II) on ZrO-AgI binding gel, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of As(III) reduced by 8 and 14%, respectively. A stable elution rate (89.1 ± 2.2%) was obtained by extraction of As(III) on the binding gel using a mixture solution of 1.0 M NaOH and 1.0 M H₂O₂ (1:1). The DGT capacity of As(III) determined by the ZrO-AgI DGT was 23.6 μg cm^?2. DGT uptakes of As(III) were independent of pH (4.0–9.0) and ionic strength (0.01–100 mM), and they did not interfere with each other during the uptake process. Simultaneous measurements of labile As and S(II) in four sediment cores of Taihu Lake (China) with ZrO-AgI DGT showed that they had similarly vertical distributions in the top 16-mm layer in one core and in the whole profile up to the 35 mm depth in two cores. It likely reflected a simultaneous release of As and S(II) in sediments by synchronous reduction of As-hosted oxidized iron and sulfate, respectively. The simultaneous decreases of labile As and S(II) from their co-precipitation (e.g., As₂S₃) were not obvious in deeper sediment layer through the measurement with ZrO-AgI DGT.     

A TiO2/crosslinked carboxymethyl starch composite for high-efficiency adsorption and photodegradation of cationic golden yellow X-GL dye

In this paper, a crosslinked carboxymethyl starch (CCMS) was prepared with corn starch as the raw material, epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent, and chloroacetic acid as the etherifying agent through a series of crosslinking, alkalization, and etherification reactions, respectively. Nano-TiO₂ was loaded onto the surface of the CCMS by the sol-gel method to obtain a TiO₂/CCMS composite. The TiO₂/CCMS composite was characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET. XPS showed that the surface chemical composition of the TiO₂/CCMS composite material contained titanium; XRD diffraction patterns indicated that the crystal form of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was a combination of the CCMS and anatase TiO₂. The surface morphology obtained by SEM showed that there were nano-TiO₂ particles on the surface of the CCMS. The specific surface area of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was larger than that of CCMS. The adsorption-photodegradation performance of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was also studied under UV irradiation, and the results showed that significant adsorption-photodegradation synergies occurred.

     

Decomplexation of Cr(III)-EDTA and simultaneous abatement of total Cr by photo-oxidation: efficiency and in situ reduction of intermediate Cr(VI)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Most prevailing processes are incapable of removing Cr(III)-organic complexes efficiently and facing the problem of in-process formation of highly...     

Occupational Safety and Health Status of Sanitation Workers in Urban Areas: A Pilot Study From Wuhan,China

Sanitation workers ‘ workload increases quickly with rapid urbanization, but there is almost no evidence or policy recommendations for their management in developing countries. This study describes the health status and occupational protection of sanitation workers; it also explores risk factors related to their health status in Wuhan City, China. Three hundred and eighty-five sanitation workers from 54 streets of Wuhan were surveyed. Their prevalence of 2-week illness and arthritis was relatively higher than in the general population in China. Findings related to occupational protection showed that both sanitation workers (users) and their managers (providers) neglected the role of low-cost protection measures, especially masks, soap/hand sani-tizer and prejob training (use rate of 7.27%, 26.75% and 43.64%, respectively). High-intensity workload was an important risk factor for 2-week illness, and prejob training was an important protective factor against arthritis.     

Waste recombinant DNA: Effectiveness of thermo-treatment to manage potential gene pollution

Heating at 100 °C for 5–10 min is a common method for treating wastewater containing recombinant DNA in many bio-laboratories in China. In this experiment, plasmid pET-28b was used to investigate decay efficiency of waste recombinant DNA during thermo-treatment. The results showed that the decay half-life of the plasmid was 2.7–4.0 min during the thermo-treatment, and even heating for 30 min the plasmids still retained some transforming activity. Low pH promoted the decay of recombinant DNA, but NaCl, bovine serum albumin and EDTA, which existed in the most wastewater from bio-laboratories, protected DNA from degradation. Thus, the decay half-life of plasmid DNA may be longer than 2.7–4.0 min practically. These results suggest that the effectiveness of heating at 100 °C for treating waste recombinant DNA is low and a gene pollution risk remains when those thermo-treated recombinant DNAs are discharged into the environment. Therefore other simple and effective methods should be developed.     

Study on mechanics of crowd jam based on the cusp-catastrophe model

Some characteristics of crowd jam like the phenomena of discontinuous jumping in reality are hard to be explained by the equations governing pedestrians. The catastrophe theory can explain these characteristics. A cusp-catastrophe model is developed to analyze the mechanics of crowd jam by drawing graphs for a cusp-catastrophe model of crowd, the bifurcation set and the projection of catastrophe model. Meanwhile, the critical density and the critical velocity are derived. It is concluded that the cusp model is a more efficient predictor than the linear model or the equations governing pedestrians and is reasonably realistic for dense crowd flow scenarios.