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171.
Modified kaolin clays were used as adsorbents for SO(2) gas adsorptions. The clays were heated up to 900 °C previous to acid treatments with 0.5 N sulfuric acid solutions at boiling temperature during different times up to 1440 min. Equilibrium adsorption at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa was carried out by using a volumetric apparatus. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared analysis. The heating of the clays followed by acid treatment improved the adsorption capacity of the kaolin clays. The presence of amorphous silica and hydroxyl in the final products improved SO(2) adsorption capacity. Better properties for SO(2) adsorption were found in kaolin rich in not well ordered kaolinite clay mineral. 相似文献
172.
Susana Torno Javier Toraño Mario Menendez Malcolm Gent Cristina Allende 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(1):99-112
Landfill sites have been the most common way of eliminating solid urban waste, as well as that of public and mining wastes.
Landfill sites are a constant source of environmental pollution and wind is the most important contributing factor to air
pollution, due to the erosion which it produces over the landfill site surfaces, transporting dust away from the source point.
This causes serious risks for human health and general dirt in the surrounding areas of the landfill site. The result of dust
air pollution produced in a landfill site is analysed through CFD3D (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by joining the LIDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) technique and Ansys CFX 10.0 software. The CFD simulations determine the wind velocity distribution
on the landfill site surface and the different particle threshold friction velocities which determine the dust emission in
multiphase simulations (air-particles). These simulations are validated from field data obtained in three measurement programmes
for each type of landfill site surface treatment which has been studied. It was determined that the superficial landfill site
treatment with the lowest air pollution is tall grass and bushes. The methodology used can be applied to the dust emission
calculation in the design or evaluation of other landfill sites. 相似文献
173.
Manuel Soler Cristina Ruiz-Castellano María del Carmen Fernández-Pinos Anja Rösler Juan Ontanilla Tomás Pérez-Contreras 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(10):1997-2005
Most host species of obligate interspecific brood parasites are under strong selection because such parasitism, e.g., that
involving evictor nestmates, is highly costly. Egg rejection is one of the most efficient host defences against avian brood
parasites. Many hosts have thus evolved egg-recognition ability and rejection behaviour. However, this defensive mechanism
has not evolved in most species where only intraspecific brood parasitism occurs, probably because (1) the eggs of conspecific
females are very similar in appearance, making egg rejection less likely to emerge, and (2) such parasitism is frequently
less costly than interspecific parasitism. Using a captive population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with a low breeding density, we here provide new evidence showing that this species actually has a fine capacity to discriminate
conspecific eggs and to eject them (44.2% of foreign eggs ejected) while incurring very low rejection costs (4.2% of own eggs
ejected). This result contradicts those previously found in high-density house sparrow populations in which very high rejection
costs and very high clutch desertion rates were reported, probably as a consequence of intraspecific competition and infanticide
provoked by the high breeding density. The house sparrow has only rarely been reported as the host of an interspecific brood
parasite, which implies that it is a newly described example of an altricial species in which egg ejection has evolved and
is maintained in response to intraspecific brood parasitism. 相似文献
174.
Nogueira L Rodrigues AC Trídico CP Fossa CE de Almeida EA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,180(1-4):243-255
Considering that diesel oil is one of the most common aquatic contaminants, we compare the oxidative stress between two species of fish with different habitats (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, benthic and Oreochromis niloticus, nektonic) exposed to diesel oil. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) and the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase were all analyzed in the fishes' livers and gills after 2 and 7 days of exposure to different concentrations of diesel (0.1 and 0.5 mL/L). In the tilapia, MDA levels and the activities of EROD and GST activity in the liver, as well as MDA levels and the activities of GST and SOD in the gill had statistically significant differences between the treatments and between the times of exposure. For the catfish, the same occurred in the case of MDA, EROD, and SOD in the liver and in CAT and SOD in the gills. There were significant differences in the enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation between the species. Although the activity of most enzymes seemed to be more expressive and responsive to diesel in O. niloticus, diesel oil also caused significant effects on oxidative stress parameters in P. anisitsi, even though this species is benthic and thus has less access to insoluble fractions of diesel oil. Therefore, both species can be used as sentinel organisms in environmental biomonitoring of diesel contamination. 相似文献
175.
Francesca Gatto Stelios Katsanevakis Jochen Vandekerkhove Argyro Zenetos Ana Cristina Cardoso 《Environmental management》2013,51(6):1137-1146
Europe is severely affected by alien invasions, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem services, economy, and human health. A large number of national, regional, and global online databases provide information on the distribution, pathways of introduction, and impacts of alien species. The sufficiency and efficiency of the current online information systems to assist the European policy on alien species was investigated by a comparative analysis of occurrence data across 43 online databases. Large differences among databases were found which are partially explained by variations in their taxonomical, environmental, and geographical scopes but also by the variable efforts for continuous updates and by inconsistencies on the definition of “alien” or “invasive” species. No single database covered all European environments, countries, and taxonomic groups. In many European countries national databases do not exist, which greatly affects the quality of reported information. To be operational and useful to scientists, managers, and policy makers, online information systems need to be regularly updated through continuous monitoring on a country or regional level. We propose the creation of a network of online interoperable web services through which information in distributed resources can be accessed, aggregated and then used for reporting and further analysis at different geographical and political scales, as an efficient approach to increase the accessibility of information. Harmonization, standardization, conformity on international standards for nomenclature, and agreement on common definitions of alien and invasive species are among the necessary prerequisites. 相似文献
176.
Kathleen Kreiss Michelle G. Gonzalez Kenneth L. Conright Alan R. Scheere 《Environment international》1982,8(1-6)
Dried detergent residue left in carpets after they were shampooed with underdiluted carpet shampoo caused respiratory irritation among most employees in an office building and among all staff members and most children in a day-care center. Symptoms included cough, dry throat, difficulty in breathing, nasal congestion, and headache. Eye irritation was also noted by day-care center staff members. Symptoms persisted for many weeks until the carpets were wet extracted. The major ingredient of the three shampoo products implicated in these two outbreaks and in a third similar report in sodium dodecyl sulfate, a respiratory irritant in mice. Unpublished occupational investigations suggest that soap dust exposure may be associated pulmonary function abnormalities in some exposed workers. Detergent dust is a newly recognized example of indoor air pollution and should be considered when patients or employees complain of building-specific respiratory or eye irritation. 相似文献
177.
M. C. Portillo E. Porca S. Cuezva J. C. Cañaveras S. Sanchez-Moral J. M. Gonzalez 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(9):1035-1042
Bacteria thriving in underground systems, such as karsts, adapt to use a variety of nutrients. Most of these nutrients derive
from superficial processes. This study shows that bacteria are able to differentially induce carbonate precipitation or dissolution
depending on the availability of nutrients for growth. Different bacterial strains isolated from caves, representing the most
common components of these microbial communities, were cultured with different carbon and nitrogen sources (e.g., acetate,
glucose, peptone, humic acids) and induced changes in pH were measured during growth. Carbonate can either precipitate or
dissolve during bacterial growth. The induction of carbonate precipitates or their dissolution as a function of consumption
of specific carbon sources revealed the existence of an active nutrient cycling process in karsts and links nutrients and
environmental conditions to the existence of a highly significant carbon sink in subterraneous environments. 相似文献
178.
Fiore Ludovica Serranti Silvia Mazziotti Cristina Riccardi Elena Benzi Margherita Bonifazi Giuseppe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(32):48588-48606
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, freshwater microplastic samples collected from four different stations along the Italian Po river were characterized in terms of... 相似文献
179.
van Drooge Barend L. Garatachea Roger Reche Cristina Titos Gloria Alastuey Andres Lyamani Hassan Alados-Arboledas Lucas Querol Xavier Grimalt Joan O. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):36255-36272
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - PM10 was collected during an EMEP winter campaign of 2017–2018 in two urban background sites in Barcelona (BCN) and Granada (GRA), two... 相似文献
180.
Leite Marilaine Cristina Marques de Araujo Maycon Anderson da Silva de Paiva Wesller Camargos Liliane Santos Martins Aline Redondo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(5):6900-6910
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The indiscriminate use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides can lead to boron contamination of the soil. Decontamination in general is expensive and... 相似文献