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51.
The primary objective of this study was to identify gaps in coastal and marine data available through the Gulf Geospatial Assessment of Marine Ecosystems (GAME) project for the west coast of Florida. A survey was designed and sent to more than 2,000 experts working with coastal and ocean issues in the Gulf of Mexico to elicit their opinions. The survey asked the experts to rank 12 data categories and score the relevance of four qualifiers (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, age of data, and level of detail) using a discrete choice approach. The statistical interpretation of experts?? responses allowed assigning a relative value to each available data set, based upon their qualifiers. The results were then displayed in a Geographic Information System to visually show how the total value for all data categories or for a specific data category varies spatially and to identify data gaps. It was found that the total data set value is generally higher within Tampa Bay and along the coast. Areas with low total value show a lack of data sets that have qualifiers falling within the ideal range, as per experts?? opinions. The gap maps created for this project are useful to identify priority areas where money should be invested for future data collection. 相似文献
52.
Cristina Zago Gabriele Capodaglio Carlo Barbante Michele Giani Ivo Moret Giuseppe Scarponi 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1-2):39-51
In the present study the concentrations of cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, zinc were analysed and the speciation of copper and zinc performed, with a summer and winter sampling, for two areas in the Northern Adriatic Sea and crossing at the farthest zones of the Po river-sea water interface. Results show that when salinity increases the concentrations of all investigated metals (with the exception of cobalt) present some degree of biogeochemical cycling. Copper is the element whose dissolved phase has the highest importance in metal transport across the salinity gradient. Results of speciation analysis demonstrate that the presence of excess amounts (5-8 fold) of unbound ligands confers a buffering capacity for potential inputs of dissolved metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea. The speciation of both copper and zinc in the dissolved phase was dominated by organic complexation. 相似文献
53.
54.
Cristina M. Monteiro Paula M. L. Castro F. Xavier Malcata 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(2):169-176
Aquatic environments are often exposed to toxic heavy metals, which gain access to the food chain via microalgae and may cause
severe problems at higher trophic levels. However, such a metabolic specificity can be taken advantage of in bioremediation
strategies. The potential of a novel wild strain of Scenedesmus obliquus, previously isolated from a heavy metal-contaminated site in northern Portugal, to remove Zn from aqueous solutions was thus
studied, using several initial concentrations. The removal extent reached its maximum by 1 day: 836.5 mg Zn/g biomass, at
the initial concentration of 75 mg/L, mainly by adsorption onto the cell surface. Comparative studies encompassing a commercially
available strain of the same microalgal species led to a maximum removal extent of only 429.6 mg Zn/g biomass, under identical
conditions. Heat-inactivated cells permitted a maximum removal of 209.6 mg Zn/g biomass, at an initial concentration of 50 mg
Zn/L. The maximum adsorption capacity of Zn, estimated via Langmuir’s isotherm, was 330 mg Zn/g biomass. Finally, Zn removal
was highest at pH 6.0–7.0. It was proven, for the first time, that such a wild microalga can uptake and adsorb Zn very efficiently,
which unfolds a particularly good potential for bioremediation. Its performance is far better than similar (reference) species,
especially near neutrality, and even following heat-treatment. 相似文献
55.
Savva D Garcia-Aljaro C Lawes KP Swiergosz-Kowalewska R 《Environment international》2002,28(3):139-146
DNA probes have been developed for subsequent use in monitoring the exposure of animals to heavy metal pollution in terrestrial environments using metallothionein (MT) gene expression in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Three different bank vole sequences were characterised corresponding to the cDNA and the genomic DNA for MT-I and the genomic DNA for MT-II. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that the coding sequences of the bank vole MT-I and MT-II genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity (greater than 92%) to the corresponding genes of the Chinese hamster, the mouse and the rat. In common with other mammalian MT genes, both the MT-I and MT-II genes in the bank vole are interrupted by two introns, which are at identical positions as those in other rodent MT genes; furthermore, the sizes of these introns are similar to those in other rodents with the first intron being larger than the second and those in the MT-I gene being larger than those in the MT-II gene. The predicted amino acid sequence for the proteins shows that both proteins contain 20 cysteine residues at positions identical to those in other known mammalian MTs. The availability of these DNA sequences now provides a good opportunity to investigate MT gene expression and possible gene amplification in bank voles exposed to metal pollution. 相似文献
56.
M. Gueri E.S. Guerra L.E. Gonzalez N.A. Martinez A.V. Olivares E. Rosero C. de Ville de Goyet 《Disasters》1983,7(3):174-179
A retrospective study of the effects of the Tumaco earthquake of 1979 shows a smaller number of deaths and injuries than in earthquakes of similar magnitude that have occurred elsewhere, which is probably related to the type of building. Most of the deaths were caused by a tsunami. Proportionally the mortality was higher in the 0 to 4 age group. Among the injured, most of the lesions were minor. Morbidity was higher in the over 45 years age group, and lower among the "under-fives." There was an evident need for a simple "disaster medical record card." Coordination among the different relief agencies could have been better. 相似文献
57.
An Ecological Integrity Index for Littoral Wetlands in Agricultural Catchments of Semiarid Mediterranean Regions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main goal of the present study was to develop an ecological integrity index for littoral wetland management and conservation in semiarid Mediterranean areas that have been highly impacted by agriculture, including the selection of pressure and state indicators at landscape and wetlands scales that reflect the status, condition, and trends of wetlands ecosystems. We used a causality framework based on the relationship between pressure of anthropogenic activities and the ecological state of wetlands and their catchments, integrating environmental, biologic, economic, and social issues. From the application of 51 indicators in 7 littoral wetlands in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, we selected 12 indicators (5 at catchment scale and 7 at wetland scale) to constitute the ecological integrity index proposed. The potential nitrogen export per area at catchment scale and the potential relative nitrogen export from the area surrounding the wetlands were the best pressure single predictors of state indicators with a causal relationship with environmental meaning. Wetlands in catchments with more agriculture had less ecological integrity than those in less impacted areas. A wide riparian zone in some wetlands acts as a buffer area, diminishing the effects of intensive agriculture. The index of ecological integrity developed here has a number of essential characteristics that make it a useful tool for ecosystem managers and decision-makers. The index can be used to (1) assess and control ecological integrity, (2) diagnose probable causes of ecological impairment, (3) establish criteria for protecting and restoring wetland ecosystems, and (4) integrate catchment management.
Published online 相似文献
58.
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction ofvitellogenin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as abiomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. Sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma Vtg were measured in orderto: 1) validate an ELISA assay for plasma Vtg in the common carpusing the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon Vtg antibody AA1 (Biosense, Norway); 2) check the sensitivity of carp juvenilesin producing Vtg in response to estrogen stimulation. The grouptreated with 17-estradiol showed high induction (156%)with respect to controls, also groups treated with 4-nonylphenolshowed induction of Vtg. The group treated with 100 mg kg-1b.wt showed an induction of 61%. A statistically significantcorrelation was found between dose and response. This preliminary study demonstrate a response to the ELISA assay for Vtg in the common carp using rabbit anti-salmon antibody AA1. With further evidence the tested biomarker might be proposed for large scale monitoring of estrogenic effects caused by pollution in urban and industrial effluents. 相似文献
59.
M. Almar L. Otero C. Santos J. Gonzalez Gallego 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):769-783
Abstract Glutathione content and glutahione‐dependent enzymes were measured in the liver of two fish species, gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and roach (Rutilus arcasii), from the river Bernesga (Spain) caught downstream and upstream of the waste site of several chemical industries. Animals from contaminated sites display a reduced glutathione concentration and a tendency to the decrease of glutathione S‐transferase activity. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly elevated only in the liver of Gobio gobio and glutathione reductase activity in that of Rutilus arcasii. Our data indicate that the glutathione system constitutes a sensitive biochemical indicator of chemical pollution. Relative changes of glutathione and glutathione‐dependent enzymes in both fish species suggest a different susceptibility to toxins. 相似文献