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801.
Observation-based methods are useful tools to explore the sensitivity of ozone concentrations to precursor controls. With the aim of assessing the ozone precursor sensitivity in two locations: Paterna (suburban) and Villar del Arzobispo (rural) of the Turia river basin in the east of Spain, the photochemical indicator O3/NOy and the Extent-of-Reaction (EOR) parameter have been calculated from field measurements. In Paterna, the O3/NOy ratio varied from 0 to 13 with an average value of 5.1 (SD 3.2), whereas the averaged value for the EOR was 0.43 (SD 0.14). In Villar del Arzobispo, the O3/NOy ratio changed from 5 to 30 with a mean value of 13.6 (SD 4.7) and the EOR gave an averaged value of 0.72 (SD 0.11). The results show two different patterns of ozone production as a function of the location. The suburban area shows a VOC-sensitive regime whereas the rural one shows a transition regime close to NOx-sensitive conditions. No seasonal differences in these regimes are observed along the monitoring campaigns. Finally, an analysis of the influence of the measurement quality of NOy, NOx and O3 on the uncertainty of the O3/NOy ratio and the EOR was performed showing that the uncertainty of O3/NOy is not dependent on either its value or the individual values of O3 and NOy but just on the quality of O3 and NOy measurements. The maximum uncertainty is 26% as long as the combined uncertainties of O3 and NOy remain below the 7.5%. The case of the EOR is different and its uncertainty depends on both the value of the EOR parameter and the individual concentration values of NOy and NOx. The uncertainty of the EOR estimation can be very high (>200%) if the combined uncertainties of both NOy and NOx are high (>7.5%), or especially, if u(NOy) and u(NOx) differ considerably from each other (>3.5%). 相似文献
802.
Miao Li Guo-ping Sheng Yue-jin Wu Zeng-liang Yu Gary S. Bañuelos Han-qing Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9617-9625
Severe eutrophication of surface water has been a major problem of increasing environmental concern worldwide. In the present study, economic plant annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was grown in floating mats as an economic plant-based treatment system to evaluate its potential after ion implantation for removing nutrients in simulated eutrophic water. The specific weight growth rate of L. multiflorum with ion implantation was significantly greater than that of the control, and the peroxidase, nitrate reductase, and acid phosphatase activities of the irradiated L. multiflorum were found to be greater than those plants without ion implantation. Higher total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were obtained for the L. multiflorum irradiated with 25 keV 5.2?×?1016 N+ ions/cm2 and 30 keV 4.16?×?1016 N+ ions/cm2, respectively (p?0.05). Furthermore, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the plant biomass with ion implantation were also greater than those in the control and were positively correlated with TN and TP supplied. L. multiflorum itself was directly responsible for 39–49 and 47–58 % of the overall N and P removal in the experiment, respectively. The research results suggested that ion implantation could become a promising approach for increasing phytoremediation efficiency of nutrients from eutrophic water by L. multiflorum. 相似文献
803.
Jaime Carbajo Patricia García-Muñoz Alvaro Tolosana-Moranchel Marisol Faraldos Ana Bahamonde 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12233-12240
The objective of this work is double—firstly to explore the photocatalytic efficiency of five different commercial TiO2 catalysts in the photodegradation of a mixture of pesticides classified by the EU as priority pollutants and secondly to analyze the correlation between their physicochemical properties and the inhibition of the studied photocatalytic process when natural water was employed. Photocatalytic efficiencies when ultrapure water was used seem to point out that surface area was not a prerequisite for the photodegradation of the selected mixture of pesticides. On the other hand, significant differences in total organic carbon (TOC) conversions were obtained with the two studied water compositions. On one side, Evonik materials appear to be mostly inhibited when natural water was employed, whereas on the other, it should be remarked that anatase Sigma-Aldrich (SA) and, particularly, Hombikat UV100 (HBK) materials presented a very limited photo-efficiency inhibition or even a higher initial rate of TOC removal when a natural water matrix was used, probably due to their specific surface properties (PZC, S BET). Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis has proved to be a promising technology for the degradation of the selected mixture of pesticides where the final photo-efficiency of the five commercial titania catalysts studied here responds to a complex balance between its surface and structural properties. 相似文献
804.
Verónica C. Mora Laura Madueño Marina Peluffo Janina A. Rosso María T. Del Panno Irma S. Morelli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7548-7556
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous compounds with carcinogenic and/or mutagenic potential. To address the limitations of individual remediation techniques and to achieve better PAH removal efficiencies, the combination of chemical and biological treatments can be used. The degradation of phenanthrene (chosen as a model of PAH) by persulfate in freshly contaminated soil microcosms was studied to assess its impact on the biodegradation process and on soil properties. Soil microcosms contaminated with 140 mg/kgDRY SOIL of phenanthrene were treated with different persulfate (PS) concentrations 0.86–41.7 g/kgDRY SOIL and incubated for 28 days. Analyses of phenanthrene and persulfate concentrations and soil pH were performed. Cultivable heterotrophic bacterial count was carried out after 28 days of treatment. Genetic diversity analysis of the soil microcosm bacterial community was performed by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The addition of PS in low concentrations could be an interesting biostimulatory strategy that managed to shorten the lag phase of the phenanthrene biological elimination, without negative effects on the physicochemical and biological soil properties, improving the remediation treatment. 相似文献
805.
806.
Pedro Sanzana Jorge Girons Isabelle Braud Jos‐Francisco Muoz Sebastin Vicua Sonia Reyes‐Paecke Francisco de la Barrera Flora Branger Fabrice Rodríguez Ximena Vargas Nancy Hitschfeld Santiago Hormazbal 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):720-739
The impact of urbanization on groundwater is not simple to understand, as it depends on a variety of factors such as climate, hydrogeology, water management practices, and infrastructure. In semiarid landscapes, the urbanization processes can involve high water consumptions and irrigation increases, which in turn may contribute to groundwater recharge. We assessed the hydrological impacts of urbanization and irrigation rates in an Andean peri‐urban catchment located in Chile, in a semiarid climate. For this purpose, we built and validated a coupled surface–groundwater model that allows the verification of a strong stream–aquifer interaction in areas with shallow groundwater, higher than some sewers and portions of the stream. Moreover, we also identified a significant local recharge associated with pipe leaks and inefficient urban irrigation. From the evaluation of different future scenarios, we found a sustainable water conservation scenario will decrease the current groundwater levels, while the median flow reduces from 408 to 389 L/s, and the low flow (Q95%) from 43 to 22L/s. Overall, our results show the relevance of integrating the modeling of surface and subsurface water resources at different spatial and temporal scales, when assessing the effect of urban development and the suitability of urban water practices. 相似文献
807.
Zhou Nicolette A. Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. Komen Evans Mwangi Benlick Mukubi Johnstone Nyangao James Hassan Joanne Chepkurui Agnes Maina Caroline van Zyl Walda B. Matsapola Peter N. Wolfaardt Marianne Ngwana Fhatuwani B. Jeffries-Miles Stacey Coulliette-Salmond Angela Peñaranda Silvia Shirai Jeffry H. Kossik Alexandra L. Beck Nicola K. Wilmouth Robyn Boyle David S. Burns Cara C. Taylor Maureen B. Borus Peter Meschke John Scott 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):35-47
808.
L. A. Méndez-Rosado D. Hechavarría-Estenoz M. E. de la Torre H. Pimentel-Benitez J. Hernández-Gil B. Perez A. Barrios-Martínez E. Morales-Rodriguez M. Soriano-Torres M. Garcia U. Suarez-Mayedo N. Cedeño-Aparicio I. Blanco P. Díaz-Véliz B. Vidal-Hernández M. Mitjans-Torres S. Miñoso D. Alvarez-Espinosa E. Reyes-Hernández E. Angulo-Cebada M. Torres-Palacios L. Lozano-Lezcano U. Lima-Rodriguez M. Mayeta M. Noblet Y. Benítez R. Lardoeyt-Ferrer S. Yosela-Martin P. Carbonell M. Pérez-Ramos N. de León M. Perez J. Carbonell 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(11):1049-1054
809.
Peña-García A de Oña Lopez R Espín Estrella A Aznar Dols F Calvo Poyo FJ Molero Mesa E de Oña López J 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(5):385-389