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121.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL HAZARDS IN NORTHERN CANADA: INTEGRATING INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVES WITH GOVERNMENT POLICY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John?NewtonEmail author C.?D.?James?Paci Aynslie?Ogden 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(3):541-571
A study of the relationship between natural hazards and climate change in the international context provides the background
for a discussion of the expected changes. In the context of this global discussion, this paper reviews the current perspectives
of those natural hazards that are likely to be influenced by climate change, using northern Canada as a regional case study.
The northern implications of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are examined, including the status
of climate change action by the northern territorial governments, the evolving role of indigenous people, and the responsibility
for climate change impacts. The difficulties surrounding natural hazards research in remote locations, and the approaches
of indigenous people to natural hazards are then presented. The paper concludes with a suggested policy approach for climate
change and natural hazards in northern Canada, underscoring the need for more comprehensive adaptive strategies to complement
the current tendency to focus on the mitigation of greenhouse gases produced in this region. 相似文献
122.
Linda?Anderson-BerryEmail author David?King 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(3):367-392
Community mitigation of hazard impact requires hazard knowledge and preparedness on the part of the members of diverse and
complex communities. Longitudinal research in the tropical cyclone prone north of Australia has gathered extensive datasets
on community awareness, preparedness and knowledge, in order to contribute to education campaigns and mitigation strategies.
Data have been used to identify issues of vulnerability to cyclones and capacity to deal with the hazard. This has been developed
as a community vulnerability and capacity model that may be applied to diverse communities in order to assess levels of capability
to mitigate and deal with the cyclone hazard. The model is presented here in a simplified form as its development is evolving
and ongoing. 相似文献
123.
Nickolai?ShalovenkovEmail author 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(1):105-113
Research on benthic communities have been carried out in the Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea for a hundred years. The anthropogenous influence began to have an effect already in the 20–30th. In this period, all oyster-banks were lost and the mussel-silt and mellina-silt communities have begun to degrade and were not found during almost seventy years in the Bay. The worst state of benthic communities was observed in the 60–90th, when species of bottom animals were not found over some parts of the sea. In this period, only 10 macrozoobenthic species were registered in the Bay. Mollusks: Nassarius reticulatus, Bittium reticulatum, Cerastoderma glaucum and polychaetes: Nephtys hombergii, Neanthes succinea have proved the most enduring at high anthropogenous loadings The faunistic complex of benthic species registered in 1913 had the greatest similarity to the benthic species complex of 2002. Return of mussel, Melinna palmata polychaete and Ascidiella aspersa sea squirt in benthic communities of the Sevastopol Bay are responsible for the similarity between these faunistic complexes. The restoration of local populations of these benthic species has followed the significant decrease of the anthropogenous loading on the sea ecosystems as a result of the significant reduction of the military naval base in the Bay during the last five to ten years. 相似文献
124.
M.?A.?de?FigueiredoEmail author D.?M.?Reiner H.?J.?Herzog 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):647-657
This paper examines how legal standards of liability may apply to geologic carbon storage. The liability regime governing
geologic carbon storage will shape the technology's cost-effectiveness and overall attractiveness. We classify potential sources
of liability into operational, in situ, and climate liability. As a first step, we explore in situ liability in the United States. After summarizing legal standards of liability including negligence, breach of implied warranty,
strict liability, and product liability, we discuss how liability may be addressed at the level of the federal government,
state government, industry, and the firm. Finally, we address the implications of judicial treatment of liability for carbon
storage, including the apportionment of liability and the adequacy of current regulations. 相似文献
125.
Laurie?PearceEmail author 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(3):411-441
The first part of this paper discusses the links between hazard, risk and vulnerability (HRV) analysis and the development
of mitigative strategies. The second part discusses the need to include public participation when completing an HRV analysis.
Two current HRV models are used to illustrate the general failure of HRV analysis to include public participation. The third
part of this paper provides a brief overview of the Hazard, Impact, Risk and Vulnerability (HIRV) model and its use of public
participation. The paper concludes by offering a synopsis of a case study in the town and regional area surrounding Barriere,
British Columbia, Canada. This case study demonstrates a positive outcome when public participation is incorporated into an
HIRV analysis. 相似文献
126.
127.
Wax perception in honeybees: contact is not necessary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In social insects, much progress has been made in identifying variations in the cuticular signatures of sexes, castes, kin and reproductive status. In contrast to this, we still do not know how the receivers perceive these recognition cues. This study was designed to investigate whether honeybees use contact-chemosensory or olfactory sensilla to perceive wax components. To answer this question in a behavioral assay, we combined classical conditioning of the proboscis extension reaction and a recently established method using zinc sulfate to selectively block antennal contact-chemosensory sensilla. Comparison of the responses to sucrose, wax and geraniol before and after antennal zinc sulfate treatment revealed that the sucrose response is lost after treatment but the responses to wax and geraniol are maintained. As sucrose is perceived by the contact-chemosensory sensilla, the retention of the wax response indicates that contact-chemosensory sensilla are not necessary for wax perception. 相似文献
128.
In Acromyrmex octospinosus leaf-cutting ants the metapleural glands produce an array of antibiotic compounds that serve as a general defence against unwanted microbes on the cuticle. Leaf-cutting ants also grow mutualistic Pseudonocardiaceae bacteria on their cuticle that produce antibiotics controlling a microfungal parasite of their fungus gardens. Interaction between this bacterium and gland secretion therefore seems unavoidable. We document the typical development of bacterial growth on the cuticle of young major workers, show that growth starts a few days after eclosion, and that the maximal cover is reached after 2–3 weeks and gradually declines when workers mature. Experimental closure of the metapleural glands had no effect on the initial exponential growth phase of the bacterium, but significantly reduced the cover during the decline phase. The age-dependent abundance of the bacterium and its partial dependence on metapleural gland secretion support the hypothesis that the abundance of this mutualist is actively regulated. 相似文献
129.
Discrimination between conspecific and heterospecific signals is a key element in the evolution of pheromone-mediated communication in insects. Pheromone antagonists prevent heterospecific attraction. They are typically pheromone synergists in other species and enable specific communication in closely related species, using partly the same chemicals. In codling moth, Cydia pomonella, as in other moths, upwind flights to a pheromone/antagonist blend were slower and more convoluted than to pheromone. However, this deteriorated flight behaviour did not account for the strong decrease in male attraction. The pheromone/antagonist blend blocked instead the onset of upwind flight. This was corroborated by placing a separate source of pheromone close by, which restored male attraction. Males flying upwind did not discriminate between pheromone and the adjacent pheromone/antagonist blend, and landed on either source. This indicates differences in the neural regulation for initiating and maintaining a behavioural response to pheromone. 相似文献
130.
The influence of ice-nucleating active (INA) bacteria on cold hardiness of the house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, was determined by measuring the supercooling point (SCP) of hatchlings given either INA-bacteria-fed or bacteria-free prey (Drosophila melanogaster). Spiders that had eaten INA-bacteria-fed flies showed higher SCPs than those fed on bacteria-free flies. Through feeding, INA bacteria in the prey reduce the cold hardiness of spiders. This fact should be taken into account before using INA agents as a means of pest management. 相似文献