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31.
Keerthiveettil Ramakrishnan Sumesh Vijayananth Kavimani Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal Spatenka Petr Arivendan Ajithram Ganesan Suganya Priyadharshini 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):667-679
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this experiment banana fly ash (BA) at 1, 3 and 4 wt% was mixed with the hybrid natural fiber combination of sisal/pineapple at 30, 40... 相似文献
32.
Mothe Gopi Kiran Kannan Pakshirajan Gopal Das 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(4):12
33.
Gopal Kaliyaperumal Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan Poyyamozhi Natesan Melvin Victor De Poures Sivanantham Arunachalam Venkatesh Rathinavelu Naveen Subbaiyan 《环境质量管理》2023,33(1):165-171
Insists of polymer matrix composite is prepared by using natural fiber facilitates high tensile, flexural, and impact toughness properties. The natural fiber utilization in the polymer matrix can overcome the synthetic fiber demerits of poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and high cost. The present research investigates developing a low-cost, environmentally eco-friendly epoxy hybrid composite using different volume percentages of chopped natural waste banana (0Vol%, 5Vol%, 10Vol%, and 15Vol%) and sisal fiber (0Vol%, 15Vol%, 10Vol%, and 5Vol%) through hand mould hot compression technique. The presence of natural waste banana and sisal fiber on tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal adsorption properties of the epoxy hybrid composite are evaluated by ASTM test standards. The ASTM standard measured test results of epoxy hybrid composite with and without natural waste banana and sisal fiber were compared and sample three was identified by good tensile strength, flexural strength, and better thermal adsorption properties compared to all others. The sample three epoxy hybrid sample is recommended for automotive roof application. 相似文献
34.
Emad?K?RadwanEmail author Linlong?Yu Gopal?Achari Cooper?H.?Langford 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21313-21318
In this study, a fixed bed flow through UVA-LED photoreactor was used to compare the efficiency of ozone, photocatalysis and photocatalysis-ozone degradation, and mineralization of two pure pesticides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and a commercial one, Killex®. For the degradation of the parent compounds, ozone-based processes were more effective. While for mineralization, photocatalytic processes were more effective. Photocatalytic ozonation was the most efficient process for both the degradation and mineralization of the parent compounds. The degradation rates and mineralization by photocatalytic ozonation were higher than the summation of the corresponding rates by ozonation and photocatalysis, indicating a symbiotic relationship.Overall, the photocatalytic ozonation process with the fixed bed TiO2 reduces the time needed for the degradation and mineralization of the pesticides, reduces the costs of powder catalyst separation and overcomes the reduced efficiency of immobilized catalysts, which makes the process quite attractive for practical applications. 相似文献
35.
Shyam Lal Sethuraman Venkataramani Manish Naja Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal Tuhin Kumar Mandal Pradip Kumar Bhuyan Kandikonda Maharaj Kumari Sachchida Nand Tripathi Ujjaini Sarkar Trupti Das Yerramsetti Venkata Swamy Kotalo Rama Gopal Harish Gadhavi Modathi Kottungal Satheesh Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20972-20981
Surface ozone is mainly produced by photochemical reactions involving various anthropogenic pollutants, whose emissions are increasing rapidly in India due to fast-growing anthropogenic activities. This study estimates the losses of wheat and rice crop yields using surface ozone observations from a group of 17 sites, for the first time, covering different parts of India. We used the mean ozone for 7 h during the day (M7) and accumulated ozone over a threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40) metrics for the calculation of crop losses for the northern, eastern, western and southern regions of India. Our estimates show the highest annual loss of wheat (about 9 million ton) in the northern India, one of the most polluted regions in India, and that of rice (about 2.6 million ton) in the eastern region. The total all India annual loss of 4.0–14.2 million ton (4.2–15.0%) for wheat and 0.3–6.7 million ton (0.3–6.3%) for rice are estimated. The results show lower crop loss for rice than that of wheat mainly due to lower surface ozone levels during the cropping season after the Indian summer monsoon. These estimates based on a network of observation sites show lower losses than earlier estimates based on limited observations and much lower losses compared to global model estimates. However, these losses are slightly higher compared to a regional model estimate. Further, the results show large differences in the loss rates of both the two crops using the M7 and AOT40 metrics. This study also confirms that AOT40 cannot be fit with a linear relation over the Indian region and suggests for the need of new metrics that are based on factors suitable for this region. 相似文献
36.
Improperly managed organic waste constitutes a serious environment threat across the globe. This has led to a worldwide struggle to strike a balance between the rapid generation of such wastes and protection of the environment. With the unique advantages of lower operational and maintenance costs compared with other waste management technologies, the use of vermicomposting to manage organic wastes has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Still, some factors (e.g., characteristics of substrate composition before and after treatment) are in need of additional, specific studies so that researchers can better understand the metabolism involved in the process. Vermicomposting provides employment opportunities as it protects the environment, augmenting crop productivity when it is used as a fertilizer supplement and helping to maintain ecological balance. Thus, vermicompost plays an important role in the circular economy. This article provides an overview of the research activities that have been conducted on the use of vermicomposts to remove pollutants from the soil, in wastewater treatment, and in organic waste recycling throughout the world. Circular economic assessment has revealed that vermicomposting technology is usually feasible except in certain cases. Most other methods of waste disposal lead to soil deterioration, toxic effects, and increased pollution affecting land, air, water, and living beings, in addition to the sometimes considerable expense of their implementation. Thus, an eco‐friendly method that removes waste in one step is needed. Determining the long‐term performance and sustainable operation of vermicomposting systems still poses a challenge, however, as treatment performance is affected by design parameters, operational conditions, and environmental factors. This article summarizes the factors influencing pollutant removal through the vermicomposting process. Finally, this article highlights additional research that should be conducted on these issues to improve the performance of vermicomposting. 相似文献
37.
Christian Hogrefe Barry Lynn Richard Goldberg Cynthia Rosenzweig Eric Zalewsky Winston Hao Prakash Doraiswamy Kevin Civerolo Jia-Yeong Ku Gopal Sistla P.L. Kinney 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(16):2561-2570
This paper introduces a methodology for estimating gridded fields of total and speciated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for time periods and regions not covered by observational data. The methodology is based on performing long-term regional scale meteorological and air quality simulations and then integrating these simulations with available observational data. To illustrate this methodology, we present an application in which year-round simulations with a meteorological model (the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Penn State Mesoscale Model, hereafter referred to as MM5) and a photochemical air quality model (the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model, hereafter referred to as CMAQ) have been performed over the northeastern United States for 1988–2005. Model evaluation results for total PM2.5 mass and individual species for the time period from 2000 to 2005 show that model performance varies by species, season, and location. Therefore, an approach is developed to adjust CMAQ output with factors based on these three variables. The adjusted model values for total PM2.5 mass for 2000–2005 are compared against independent measurements not utilized for the adjustment approach. This comparison reveals that the adjusted model values have a lower root mean square error (RMSE) and higher correlation coefficients than the original model values. Furthermore, the PM2.5 estimates from these adjusted model values are compared against an alternate method for estimating historic PM2.5 values that is based on PM2.5/PM10 ratios calculated at co-located monitors. Results reveal that both methods yield estimates of historic PM2.5 mass that are broadly consistent; however, the adjusted CMAQ values provide greater spatial coverage and information for PM2.5 species in addition to total PM2.5 mass. Finally, strengths and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed in the context of potential uses of this method. 相似文献
38.
Kirti Avishek Gopal Pathak M. S. Nathawat Usha Jha Neeta Kumari 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):617-623
Fluoride in groundwater is known to contaminate the water sources globally. Jharkhand, one of the states in the eastern part of India, is known to have excessive fluoride content in groundwater sources. The present work involves assessment of water quality with special reference to fluoride in Majhiaon block of Garwa district in Jharkhand. Iron, nitrate and arsenic were also tested for the water samples collected from site. Eight hundred forty samples were tested for fluoride on site using colourimetry method, and one tenth of the samples were brought to laboratory for iron, nitrate, arsenic and fluoride analysis. Results show that 402 samples were having fluoride above permissible limit. Iron and nitrate were found to be beyond permissible limits in 302 and 286 water samples, respectively. More than 50% of samples collected from school had fluoride levels above permissible limits. Arsenic was well within the limits. However, few samples shown were excessive of iron and nitrate. 相似文献
39.
Anthropogenic activities associated with industrialization, agriculture and urbanization have led to the deterioration in
water quality due to various contaminants. To assess the status of urban drinking water quality, samples were collected from
the piped supplies as well as groundwater sources from different localities of residential, commercial and industrial areas
of Lucknow City in a tropical zone of India during pre-monsoon for estimation of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria, organochlorine
pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals. Bacterial contamination was found to be more in the samples from commercial areas than
residential and industrial areas. OCPs like α,γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and 1,1 p,p-DDE {dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethene)}
were found to be present in most of the samples from study area. The total organochlorine pesticide levels were found to be
within the European Union limit (0.5 μg/L) in most of the samples. Most of the heavy metals estimated in the samples were
also found to be within the permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organization for drinking water. Thus, these
observations show that contamination of drinking water in urban areas may be mainly due to municipal, industrial and agricultural
activities along with improper disposal of solid waste. This is an alarm to safety of public health and aquatic environment
in tropics. 相似文献
40.
Water crisis is one of the most serious problems faced by the world today. Phytoremediation is one of the serious efforts towards sustainability. Macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems have several potential advantages compared with conventional treatment systems. Duckweeds (Lemna spp., Spirodela spp., Wolffia spp.) are small, green freshwater, free-floating aquatic plants. The primary objective of this work was to analyze the role of duckweeds in organic waste and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater being generated from hostels of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (India). Interesting results were obtained in which the BOD value reduced by 94.45% and the level of orthophosphate at the end of the work was found to be reduced by 79.39%. The duckweeds flourished well during the experimental period in the pH range of 7 to 8; it can be said that, other factors remaining favorable, the optimum pH for duckweed growth ranges from 7 to 8. Therefore, it can be concluded that this treatment can be successfully carried out on a large scale. Also, it is a low-cost solution to wastewater treatment problems and could satisfy the discharge standards. 相似文献