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41.
Water crisis is one of the most serious problems faced by the world today. Phytoremediation is one of the serious efforts towards sustainability. Macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems have several potential advantages compared with conventional treatment systems. Duckweeds (Lemna spp., Spirodela spp., Wolffia spp.) are small, green freshwater, free-floating aquatic plants. The primary objective of this work was to analyze the role of duckweeds in organic waste and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater being generated from hostels of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (India). Interesting results were obtained in which the BOD value reduced by 94.45% and the level of orthophosphate at the end of the work was found to be reduced by 79.39%. The duckweeds flourished well during the experimental period in the pH range of 7 to 8; it can be said that, other factors remaining favorable, the optimum pH for duckweed growth ranges from 7 to 8. Therefore, it can be concluded that this treatment can be successfully carried out on a large scale. Also, it is a low-cost solution to wastewater treatment problems and could satisfy the discharge standards. 相似文献
42.
Kirti Avishek Gopal Pathak M. S. Nathawat Usha Jha Neeta Kumari 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):617-623
Fluoride in groundwater is known to contaminate the water sources globally. Jharkhand, one of the states in the eastern part of India, is known to have excessive fluoride content in groundwater sources. The present work involves assessment of water quality with special reference to fluoride in Majhiaon block of Garwa district in Jharkhand. Iron, nitrate and arsenic were also tested for the water samples collected from site. Eight hundred forty samples were tested for fluoride on site using colourimetry method, and one tenth of the samples were brought to laboratory for iron, nitrate, arsenic and fluoride analysis. Results show that 402 samples were having fluoride above permissible limit. Iron and nitrate were found to be beyond permissible limits in 302 and 286 water samples, respectively. More than 50% of samples collected from school had fluoride levels above permissible limits. Arsenic was well within the limits. However, few samples shown were excessive of iron and nitrate. 相似文献
43.
Anthropogenic activities associated with industrialization, agriculture and urbanization have led to the deterioration in
water quality due to various contaminants. To assess the status of urban drinking water quality, samples were collected from
the piped supplies as well as groundwater sources from different localities of residential, commercial and industrial areas
of Lucknow City in a tropical zone of India during pre-monsoon for estimation of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria, organochlorine
pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals. Bacterial contamination was found to be more in the samples from commercial areas than
residential and industrial areas. OCPs like α,γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and 1,1 p,p-DDE {dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethene)}
were found to be present in most of the samples from study area. The total organochlorine pesticide levels were found to be
within the European Union limit (0.5 μg/L) in most of the samples. Most of the heavy metals estimated in the samples were
also found to be within the permissible limits as prescribed by World Health Organization for drinking water. Thus, these
observations show that contamination of drinking water in urban areas may be mainly due to municipal, industrial and agricultural
activities along with improper disposal of solid waste. This is an alarm to safety of public health and aquatic environment
in tropics. 相似文献
44.
Singh SB Mukherjee I Maisnam J Kumar P Gopal M Kulshrestha G 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(4):300-306
Studies were conducted to analyze the residue of commonly used pesticides viz. methyl parathion, chloropyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, carbendazim, imidacloprid and carbaryl in mango, Dashehari variety, integrated pest management (IPM) and non-IPM samples were collected from the IPM and non-IPM orchards, Lucknow, India. We also present a method for the simultaneous determination of these pesticides in mango samples. Residues of methyl parathion, chloropyriphos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate were extracted from the samples with acetone: cyclohexane: ethyl acetate in the ratio 2:1:1 followed by cleanup using neutral alumina. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) with a megabore column (OV-1). Residues of carbendazim, imidacloprid and carbaryl were extracted with acetone and after cleanup, analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using photo diode array (PDA) detector. Recoveries of all the pesticides ranged between 72.7-110.6%, at 0.1 and 1.0 microg g(-1) level of fortification. The residues detected in non-IPM samples of mango were found to be below the prescribed limits of maximum residue limit (MRL) while IPM samples were free from pesticide residues. 相似文献
45.
Gaur VK Gupta SK Pandey SD Gopal K Misra V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,102(1-3):419-433
Gomti river receives industrial as well as domestic wastes from various drains of Lucknow city. In the process the water and sediment of the river Gomti get contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants. In the present study, impacts of domestic/industrial wastes on the water and sediment chemistry of river Gomti with special reference to heavy metals have been investigated in different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). For this, seven sampling sites: Gaughat, Mohan Meakin, Martyrs Memorial, Hanuman Setu, Nishatganj bridge, Pipraghat and Malhaur, in the river Gomti in Lucknow region were identified and samples of water and sediments were collected in all the three seasons. In the collected water and sediment samples, six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed on ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy) Labtam Plasmalab 8440. High concentrations of all the metals were noticed in water and sediment in rainy season compared to summer and winter. Because in rainy season runoff from open contaminated sites, agricultural field and industries, directly comes into the river without any treatment. In both the cases, the concentration of zinc was maximum (0.091 g/ml in water and 182.13 g/g in sediment) and the concentration of cadmium (0.001 g/ml in water and 17.26 g/g in sediment) was minimum. Higher concentration of metal in water and sediment during rainy season could be due to the industrial/agricultural/domestic runoff coming into the river. 相似文献
46.
Vinitha Viswanathan Preeyanghaa Mani Anbarasu Murugan Jeya Gopal Neppolian Bernaurdshaw Sivamurugan Vajiravelu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(9):3566-3581
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most consumed polymers because of its excellent thermal and mechanical properties. By increasing in PET... 相似文献
47.
Venne LS Cobb GP Coimbatore G Smith LM McMurry ST 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(1):112-118
The Southern High Plains (SHP) is a semi-arid region in which playa wetlands are the focal points of biodiversity. Playas are highly influenced by surrounding land use. Most of the SHP is in agricultural production (primarily cotton) with a history of arsenic-containing herbicide use. Metals influence reproduction and development in amphibians. We analyzed metal residues in playa sediment and whole body tissue of Spea spp. and Bufo cognatus metamorphs from two land uses: cropland and native grassland. Cd and Ni concentrations in B. cognatus tissues differed between land uses. Metal concentrations in Spea spp. tissues did not differ between land uses. Ba was higher in Spea spp. than B. cognatus collected from the same grassland playas, indicating differential habitat use. No correlations between sediment and tissue concentrations were found. Land use appeared to have little influence on metal concentrations and levels were below those known to cause effects in amphibians. 相似文献
48.
The Indus Irrigation System,Natural Resources,and Community Occupational Quality in the Delta Region of Pakistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examines the impact of an elaborated irrigation system on the natural resources and society in the deltaic part
of the Indus River in Pakistan. Time series information was collected to analyze the ecological and natural resource dynamics,
and their impacts on the structure and quality of the occupations of the people in the Indus delta during pre- and post-irrigation
system development periods. The information was collected through literature review, reconnaissance, structured questionnaire
survey, focus group discussions, and interviews. The findings revealed that the expansion of the irrigation system and the
resulting reduction in the downstream flow had their differential impacts on the various segments of downstream ecology and
society. Some of the resources, for example the agricultural mudflats have been adversely affected due to the accelerated
seawater intrusion that severely impinged on the paddy farms. On the other natural resources like mangroves, the impacts had
been both negative and positive. On one hand, the diversity of the mangroves species had deteriorated while on other hand,
the mangroves have benefited from such development because of the alleviated pressure of camel grazing as a result of the
occupational change on the part of the camel herders. Furthermore, changes in the hydrological regimes had forced the paddy
farmers and camel herders to switch to fishing as an alternative source of employment and income. Considering that currently
about 87% people are already engaged primarily in marine fishery, this scenario is threatening the sustainability of the fishery
resources as well as the livelihoods of all, the traditional and converted fishermen. The findings of the study are therefore
meant to advocate the different treatments which should be accorded to the various segments of the downstream ecology and
society during the planning of any remedial irrigation projects in order to mitigate the adverse impacts of the previous irrigation
development strategies and of any water resources development to be carried out in the future. 相似文献
49.
This paper presents a model using fuzzy synthetic evaluation to estimate the methane generation rate constant, k, for landfills. Four major parameters, precipitation, temperature, waste composition and landfill depth were used as inputs to the model. Whereas, these parameters are known to impact the methane generation, mathematical relationships between them and the methane generation rate constant required to estimate methane generation in landfills, are not known. In addition, the spatial variations of k within a landfill combined with the necessity of site-specific information to estimate its value, makes k one of the most elusive parameters in the accurate prediction of methane generation within a landfill. In this paper, a fuzzy technique was used to develop a model to predict the methane generation rate constant. The model was calibrated and verified using k values from 42 locations. Data from 10 sites were used to calibrate the model and the rest were used to verify it. The model predictions are reasonably accurate. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the effect of uncertainty in the input parameters on the generation rate constant. 相似文献
50.
Wang Meichen Bera Gopal Mitra Kusumica Wade Terry L. Knap Anthony H. Phillips Timothy D. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6758-6770
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal exposure in humans and animals commonly occurs through the consumption of metal-contaminated drinking water and food. Although many... 相似文献