城市污水处理收费标准的提高对居民承受能力的影响

以四川省14个市/县污水处理设施的融资战略分析材料为基础,首先对现行收费标准下家庭用于水和污水处理方面的支出进行了分析,并对承受能力之内的居民支付意愿进行了调查统计;利用FEASIBLE模型模拟了3种未来可能增加融资的战略,并进行了说明;在分析了不同融资战略下收费标准的增长速度后,对3种战略下城市污水处理设施收费标准的提高对居民承受力的影响进行了研究.结果表明,如果没有保护贫穷和弱势家庭的相应措施,那么任何大幅的收费增长都将难以实现.      

The application of bioassays as indicators of petroleum-contaminated soil remediation

Bioremediation has proven successful in numerous applications to petroleum contaminated soils. However, questions remain as to the efficiency of bioremediation in lowering long-term soil toxicity. In the present study, the bioassays Spirotox, Microtox, Ostracodtoxkit F, umu-test with S-9 activation, and plant assays were applied, and compared to evaluate bioremediation processes in heavily petroleum contaminated soils. Six higher plant species (Secale cereale L., Lactuca sativa L., Zea mays L., Lepidium sativum L., Triticum vulgare L., Brassica oleracea L.) were used for bioassay tests based on seed germination and root elongation. The ecotoxicological analyses were made in DMSO/H2O and DCM/DMSO soil extracts. Soils were tested from two biopiles at the Czechowice oil refinery, Poland, that have been subjected to different bioremediation applications. In biopile 1 the active or engineered bioremediation process lasted four years, while biopile 2 was treated passively or non-engineered for eight months. The test species demonstrated varying sensitivity to soils from both biopiles. The effects on test organisms exposed to biopile 2 soils were several times higher compared to those in biopile 1 soils, which correlated with the soil contaminants concentration. Soil hydrocarbon concentrations indeed decreased an average of 81% in biopile 1, whereas in biopile 2 TPH/TPOC concentrations only decreased by 30% after eight months of bioremediation. The bioassays were presented to be sensitive indicators of soil quality and can be used to evaluate the quality of bioremediated soil. The study encourages the need to combine the bioassays with chemical monitoring for evaluation of the bioremediation effectiveness and assessing of the contaminated/remediated soils.     

Effectiveness of selected issues related to used tyre management in Poland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper discusses interactions between the generation, collection and recovery of used tyres while considering an indicator of their mass...