东江流域1959-2009年气候变化及其对径流的影响

依据东江流域21个气象站1959-2009年逐年平均降雨、蒸发、日照、湿度及气温等气象要素序列,选择常用的线性倾向估计及非参数M．K等趋势分析方法,分析了东江流域近50年来气温、降水、蒸发、日照及湿度等气象要素的变化趋势。选择降雨和蒸发两个气候要素两两组合,构成未来气候变动的36种假想情景,运用改进的SCS月模型模拟计算了顺天流域年径流量的变化幅度。结果表明：在过去的50年间,流域降雨量呈不显著增长,而气温则为显著上升,其他气候要素如蒸发、日照及湿度等均呈不同程度减少趋势;关联度分析表明降雨在所有气象要素中与径流的关联度为最大,说明了在东江流域降雨是径流量变化的主要驱动因子;未来流域降雨增加,蒸发减少的气候情景模式下,径流量会有所增加,反之亦然;由降雨变化引起的流域月径流量的增幅较由蒸发变化引起的相应流量的增幅变化大。     

试述实习生的工伤事故认定及赔付

从1951年原政务院颁布《中华人民共和国劳动保险条例》始,我国的工伤保险制度几经变革与发展,然而日趋完善的背后依旧存在着诸多问题,2009年7月24日国务院法制办发布了关于修改《工伤保险     

外军皮肤防护器材化学防护性能测试与评价用标准物质研究进展

本文简迷了皮肤防护器材--化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的重要性,系统地概述了外军化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的研究现状,并提出了我国化学防护服(衣)防护性能试验与评价用标准物质研制过程中应注意的一些问题.     

Archimedean Copulas在降水变异概率分布特征研究中的应用——以新疆福海县为例

探究二维情况下变异不同步,也就是一个变量发生变异,而另一个变量不发生变异的情况,对Copula联合分布的影响.在气温变化的环境下,降水过程发生了显著变异,而年降水量和年总降水天数的联合分布对长期旱涝情况有重要意义.以Copula函数为基础,计算新疆福海站年降水量和年总降水天数联合分布,用传统变异分析方法进行变异分析.针...     

An unusual high ozone event over the North and Northeast China during the record-breaking summer in 2018

Under the background of global warming, the summer temperature of the North and Northeast China (NNEC) has significantly increased since 2017, which was accompanied by the aggravated ozone (O₃) pollution. In 2018, the NNEC experienced a record-breaking summer of the past 40 years. Influenced by the abnormal high temperatures, a regional ozone event occurred on 2-3 August, over 63% of 79 selected cities in the NNEC were exposed to O₃ pollution, and the maximum value of MDA8 O₃ reached 268 μg/m³. Observations indicated that ozone concentrations agree well with the maximum temperature at 2 meters (MT2M) over NNEC with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. During the pollution episode, strong downdraft in the local high (35°N-42.5°N, 112.5°E-132.5°E; LH) over the NNEC created the favourable meteorological conditions for O₃ formation. By analyzing the horizontal wind and wave activity fluxes (WAFs) at 200 hPa, we found that the LH formation was resulted from the Rossby wave propagation from upstream along the mid-latitude Asian jet. The split polar vortex intrusion further strengthened the amplitude of the Rossby wave and reinforced the LH. Moreover, a secondary circulation between Typhoon Jongdari and the LH contributed to the enhanced LH with strong subsidence. On the other hand, the stratospheric intrusions under the deep subsidence also contributed to the enhanced surface O₃. In this study, the deep-seated meteorological dynamical mechanisms contributing to the abnormal high temperatures were investigated, which can lead to a better understanding of the regional O₃ pollution over NNEC under the global-warming background.     

Spatiotemporal trends of PM2.5 and its major chemical components at urban sites in Canada

To evaluate the effectiveness of emission control regulations designed for reducing air pollution, chemically resolved PM_2.5 data have been collected across Canada through the National Air Pollution Surveillance network in the past decade. 24-hr time integrated PM_2.5 collected at seven urban and two rural sites during 2010-2016 were analyzed to characterize geographical and seasonal patterns and associated potential causes. Site-specific seven-year mean gravimetric PM_2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 5.7 to 9.6 µg/m³. Seven-year mean concentrations of SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, NH₄⁺, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were in the range of 0.68 to 1.6, 0.21 to 1.5, 0.27 to 0.71, 1.1 to 1.9, and 0.37 to 0.71 µg /m³, accounting for 10.8%-18.1%, 3.7%-16.7%, 4.7%-7.4%, 18.4%-21.0%, and 6.4%-10.6%, respectively, of gravimetric PM_2.5 mass. PM_2.5 and its five major chemical components showed higher concentrations in southeastern Canada and lower values in Atlantic Canada, with the seven-year mean ratios between the two regions being on the order of 1.7 for PM_2.5 and 1.8-7.1 for its chemical components. When comparing the concentrations between urban and rural sites within the same region, those of SO₄^2? and NH₄⁺ were comparable, while those of NO₃^?, OC, and EC were around 20%, 40%-50%, and 70%-80%, respectively, higher at urban than rural sites, indicating the regional scale impacts of SO₄^2? and NH₄⁺ and effects of local sources on OC and EC. Monthly variations generally showed summertime peaks for SO₄^2? and wintertime peaks for NO₃^?, but those of NH₄⁺, OC, and EC exhibited different seasonality at different locations.     

Preparation of in-situ nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon and its efficient adsorption of chloramphenicol in water

Porous carbon is an excellent absorbent for pollutants in water. Here, we report a breakthrough in performance of porous carbon based on lignin prepared using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), potassium carbonate and melamine as precursor, activator and nitrogen source, respectively. A series of characterization tests confirmed that in-situ nitrogen doping greatly enhanced porous structure, resulting in a specific surface area of 2567.9 m² g^?1 and total pore volume of 1.499 cm³ g^?1, which is nearly twice that of non-nitrogen-doped porous carbon. Moreover, adsorption experiments revealed that at 303 K, the saturated adsorption capacity of chloramphenicol was as high as 713.7 mg g^?1, corresponding to an improvement of 33.7%. Further, the prepared porous carbon exhibited a strong anti-interference against metal ions and humic acid. The adsorption process was confirmed to be an endothermic reaction dominated by physical adsorption, indicating that an increase in temperature is conducive to adsorption. The results of this study show that nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon prepared by in-situ doping is a promising material to significantly alleviate water pollution owing to its low cost, excellent pore structure and good adsorption properties.

     

结构物震害预测的灰色贝叶斯方法

本文提出了一种结构物震害预测的新方法。该方法棋于贝叶斯理论和灰色系统理论，可以充分考虑到某类结构物震害所表现出的共性和某一特写结构物所具有的特殊性，能作出较全面的反映结构物实际状况的震害预测。     

猪精液酸性N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的纯化及性质水

以杜洛克猪精液为材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-32阴离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100分子筛柱层析纯化,获得纯化倍数为27.64、比活力为1 773.25 U mg~(-1)的酸性N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶纯酶制剂.经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定,纯酶两种亚基相对分子质量分别为129.13×10~3和62.24×10~3.对其酶学性质的研究结果表明,酶的等电点为5.10,最适pH值为5.5,最适温度为60℃.酶在pH 3.6~9.2、温度10℃～55 ℃的范围内较稳定.以对硝基苯-N-乙酰-β-D-氨罐葡萄糖苷(pNP-NAG)为底物,测得米氏常数K_m为0.455 mmol L~(-1),最大反应速度V_m为17.34μmol L~(-1)min~(-1),活化能为41.70 kJ mol~(-1).图8表1参15     

基于样本熵的东江月径流序列复杂性分析

基于非线性动力学参数样本熵方法,分析东江干流龙川、河源和博罗3个主要控制水文站的长序列月径流资料,研究东江干流径流序列复杂度的空间分布及动态变化特征.结果表明,东江干流月径流序列复杂度具有空间差异性,整体呈从上游到下游逐渐增加的趋势;径流序列复杂度动态变化较大并具有一定的周期性,反映出自然环境变化特别是人类活动影响导致了水文动力学系统结构变化;各站的径流滑动平均值与相应的样本熵值之间存在着反相关关系,并且径流量与相应样本熵的峰谷值之间存在较好的对应关系.