Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide by electric field generation and defect engineering in TiO2

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and rising fossil fuel consumption have already resulted in global warming and energy crisis. Therefore, conversion of CO2 into...     

Measuring environmental efficiency and technology inequality of China’s power sector: methodological comparisons among data envelopment analysis,free disposable hull,and super free disposable hull models

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China’s power sector has received great research attention because of its large energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This study assesses the...     

金川矿区表土金属空间污染特征及磁学响应

采集金川铜镍矿区及周边表层土壤样品26个,基于环境磁学方法对样品开展了金属元素（Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Sr、Ti、Pb和Mn）的含量分析及相关分析,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗污染指数评价方法对研究区域表土金属污染状况进行评价.研究区域表土磁学特征与金属元素含量呈明显空间分布差异,体现为：矿区源地 > 加工区域 > 繁忙路段 > 门岗区域 > 其他区域;受Cu和Ni元素污染的土壤样品为重度污染,Cr、Pb、Ti、Sr等金属为轻度污染和中度污染;χ_lf、SIRM、χ_ARM和HIRM数值相对较高,表明研究区域亚铁磁性矿物含量较高;研究区表层土壤样品磁晶粒度特征以较粗的假单畴（PSD）和多畴（MD）颗粒为主导;相关分析结果表明Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Pb和Mn元素之间皆存在较好的相关性,其中Cu、Ni显著（R=0.91）;χ_lf和SIRM、χ_ARM与各金属的相关性较为突出（0.52≤R≤0.78）,表明磁参数可有效监测城市表土重金属污染状况,快速圈定重金属污染的区域与范围,为城市表土污染监测工作提供快速有效的数据支持.     

Human milk survey for dioxins in the general population in Japan

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been paid to the level of dioxins in breast milk in Japan but few large-scale studies have been conducted on the subject. METHODS: From 1997 to 2002, we collected 839 samples of breast milk from primiparas residing throughout Japan. Starting in 1999, breast milk was also collected from secundiparas. Seven isomers of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 4 of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) and 8 of mono-orthochlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) were analyzed by employing gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A correlation between the level of dioxins in human milk and the age of the mothers was noted for the primiparas and the secundiparas; and the levels were compared between the first and the second deliveries. Grouped by parity and prefecture in each year, observations were also made on the trends in these levels. Dioxin levels are shown by using geometric means because their distributions were skewed to the left. RESULTS: The sum of PCDDs and PCDFs, Co-PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs, and total dioxins in the breast milk of primiparas were 13.9, 5.4, 3.4, and 22.7 pg TEQ/g fat, respectively. In the samples obtained from secundiparas, these levels were 63-68 percents of those taken from the primiparas. The correlation coefficients between the PCDDs/DFs, Co-PCBs, mono-ortho PCBs, and total dioxins and the age of the primiparas were 0.19, 0.17, 0.36, and 0.24, respectively. All these correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The positive correlations between these contaminants and the age of the secundiparas were also examined. The total dioxins as well as PCDDs/DFs, Co-PCBs, and mono-ortho PCBs in the breast milk of the primiparas declined significantly between 1998 and 2002 (regression coefficients: -0.04, -0.05, -0.03, and -0.03, respectively). However, no significant decline in these levels was observed when sorted by prefectures. CONCLUSIONS: Much attention should be paid to the age and parity of nursing mothers when investigating the relationship between the level of dioxins in breast milk and the body burden of infants.     

上转换发光剂掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及可见光降解乙基紫的研究

合成了一种新型含有稀土金属Er的上转换发光剂40CdF₂·60BaF₂·1.6Er₂O₃,此上转换发光剂在488 nm可见光的激发下,产生了5个波长均小于387 nm的上转换紫外光发射峰.采用超声波分散的方法制备出了上转换发光剂掺杂的纳米TiO₂可见光光催化剂.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行了表征.以乙基紫染料为研究对象,研究了在(三基色灯下发出的)可见光的照射下该可见光光催化剂的催化降解性能,并与未掺杂的纳米TiO₂粉末的催化性能进行了对比.结果表明,作为掺杂成分的上转换发光剂可有效地将可见光转化为紫外光并被纳米TiO₂粉末吸收利用,在可见光照射12.0 h后乙基紫降解率达到了99.68%,大大高于未掺杂纳米TiO2时的降解率.     

离子色谱-串联质谱法测定4类水质中7种极性有机磷

应用离子色谱-串联质谱法(IC-MS/MS)同时测定了地下水、地表水、生活污水和工业废水等4类水质中的草甘膦、草铵膦、氨甲基膦酸、杀木膦、乙烯利、双甘膦和增甘膦.这7种有机磷极性和水溶性强,用常规气相或液相的方法需要经衍生化后才能测定,且要严格控制前处理条件.该法水样用微孔滤膜和离子净化柱过滤后直接进样,经Ion Pa...     

磺胺类抗生素对斜生栅藻的协同和拮抗作用研究

环境中抗生素复合污染产生的毒性效应具有潜在风险。为系统考察磺胺类抗生素(SAs)混合物的联合毒性效应,以环境中常见的磺胺吡啶(SPY)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺甲氧哒嗪(SMP)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)和磺胺喹噁啉(SQ) 6种SAs及其二元混合物体系(共75条混合物射线)为研究对象,利用96孔微板测定6种SAs及其二元混合物对斜生栅藻(So)的生长抑制毒性,通过浓度加和(CA)、独立作用(IA)模型和模型偏移率(MDR)分析混合物的联合毒性及毒性相互作用。结果表明,6种SAs及其混合物射线对So在96 h呈现明显的毒性,但不同SAs的毒性大小不同,以半数效应浓度的负对数(pEC₅₀)为毒性大小指标,6种SAs的毒性大小顺序为：SQ(pEC₅₀=5.311)>SPY(pEC₅₀=3.757)≈SMZ(pEC₅₀=3.749)>SMP(pEC₅₀=3.680)>SM2(pEC₅₀=3.090)>SMR(pEC...     

室内空气中挥发性有机物的释放特征分析

房屋装修后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月采集其室内空气样品进行甲醛、苯系物浓度的测定,分析释放规律;另选某处新居于装修后24 h、1周、1个月且密闭状态下采集室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)样品分析研究.结果表明,房屋装修后12个月内甲醛浓度随时间呈非线性递减,多项式回归方程为:y=0.277 13-0.199 72x+0.079 74x2-0.011 67x3+0.000 525 61x4,其中y为甲醛质量浓度,mg/m3;x为时间,月;各苯系物浓度也随时间呈逐渐下降趋势,且通过SPSS13.0软件进行Spearman相关性分析,发现各苯系物间显著相关;装修后不同时间段室内空气中TVOC组分发生变化,随着房屋封闭时间延长,TVOC浓度超标严重;TVOC组分的增多或减少是由于室内装修材料TVOC释放的增强或减弱,以及门窗缝隙所带来的微弱通风造成,无二次污染物的生成.     

兰州市街道尘埃粒度空间变化特征

采用Mastersizer2000激光粒度仪对2006年3月采集的兰州市街道尘埃进行了粒度分析。结果表明,兰州市街道尘埃中颗粒物平均粒径范围在46．83μm-266．59μm,平均值为118．73μm;其中〉2μm的颗粒占总量的92％-99．5％,〈2μm的颗粒占10％以下。受地形因素影响,兰州市西部和东部地区粒径较粗,中间地段粒径相对较细;进一步分析发现在风动能大的区域,尘埃主要以较粗物质为主;在风动能相对较弱区域,细颗粒和粗颗粒含量差别不大,而在风动能小的区域,街道尘埃主要以细颗粒物为主。由此可见,兰州市街道尘埃中的颗粒物的主要来源是由于风力和人为活动产生的土壤尘和人为排放的污染物所共同贡献的;粒度分布特征受到风动力条件和物源（污染源）两方面因素的控制。     

长江中、上游水质变化趋势与环境酸化关系初探

根据我国水利部水年鉴和全球水质监测计划中国站点的水化学资料，对长江中游干流主要水站和四川与贵州省境内长江主要支流下游的水站自６０年代初至８０年代中期（个别站点至９０年代中期）的主要离子含量资料进行了统计分析，发现这些站点在主要离子含量变化趋势方面存在着共同的特点，即：碱度有所降低，钙离子和硫酸根离子含量有所升高，相应地，总梗度与总碱度的比值也有所升高，将这一现象产生的原因与我国西南地区酸雨对