聚硅氯化铝（PASC）的形态分布及转化规律：Ⅰ.Al—Ferron逐时络合比色？…

采用Ａｌ－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法比较研究了ＰＡＳＣ与ＰＡＣ中铝的形态分布及转化规律。实际结果表明,在ＰＡＳＣ中,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物的相互作用,使得铝的水解聚合形态分布及转化情况发生了变化。     

对单项污染评价中污染分界线问题的讨论

根据数理统计的原理,将环境质量标准,平均值,标准偏差以及样本容量综合进行考虑,提出了污染分界线的计算公式,并以表格形式给出了不同显著性水平下,不同的相对标准偏差和样本容量所对应的污染分界线,对污染分界线与样本容量及相对标准的偏差的关系进行了讨论,指出提高监测精度和适当增加监测数据个数,可以使污染分界线接近评价标准。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-二乙氨基苯甲酸光度法测定镍的研究

合成了新试剂 2 -( 2 -喹啉偶氮 ) -4 -二乙氨基苯甲酸 ( QADEABA) ,并研究了其与镍的显色反应 ,在 p H=8.0的硼酸 -磷酸二氢钾缓冲介质中 ,吐温 -80存在下 ,QADEABA与镍反应生成 2∶ 1稳定络合物 ,λmax=5 90 nm ,ε=1 .1 8× 1 0 5L· mol-1· cm-1。镍含量在 0～ 0 .4 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于水样中镍含量的测定 ,结果令人满意     

Distribution and sources of mercury in soils from former industrialized urban areas of Beijing, China

Fifty-seven typical surface soils and 108 deeper soils were collected from five former industrial sites in Beijing and concentrations of total Hg (SigmaHg) as well as pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations determined. The mean concentration of SigmaHg in surface soils was significantly greater than background concentrations in the vicinity of Beijing. Forty-eight percent of the samples exceeded the "critical" concentration of 1.0 mg Hg/kg, dry weight in soils, which has been established by the Chinese government. At depths of 0-80 cm in the soil, profile concentrations of SigmaHg also exceeded the background value. There were significant correlations between concentrations of SigmaHg, TC, and TN in the industrial soils. The greater concentration of SigmaHg in most soils could have been due in part to combustion of coal and leakage from industrial processes.     

Concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals in needles and rooting soils of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees growing along an urban–rural gradient in Guangzhou, China

Current (C) and previous year (C + 1) needles and soils (organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm mineral depth) of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees were sampled at four forested sites (Huang Pu industrial district, HP; South China Botanical Garden, BG; Mao Feng Mt., MF; and Nan Kun Mt., NK) in Guangzhou along a urban-rural gradient and analyzed for sulfur (S) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) concentrations. Needle concentrations of all the elements were significantly higher at industrial HP than at other three sites, except for Cu and Pb which were highest at the traffic site (BG). The C + 1 needles generally had higher Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr than the C needles while the opposite was for Ni and S. Total and available Cd, Pb, Zn in soils peaked at the urban sites (HP and BG) and decreased at suburban MF and rural NK. Heavy metals were generally higher in the organic soils than in the mineral soils at all sites. Zinc and Pb at all sites, and Cd, S and Cu at the urban sites (HP and BG) in soils or pine needles were above or near their respective natural background levels, implying that threats resulted from these toxic elements occurred on local particularly urban forests, but did not for Cr and Ni due to their presence below their background values. Our results demonstrated that elements concentrations in needles and soils had reflected the variability of pollutants and the environmental quality change along the urban-rural transect, and were efficient as biomonitors to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities along the urbanization course on forest health.     

Regional differences and sources of organochlorine pesticides in soils surrounding chemical industrial parks

Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) were investigated in 105 soil samples collected in vicinity of the chemical industrial parks in Tianjin, China. OCP concentrations significantly varied in the study area, high HCH and DDT levels were found close to the chemical industrial parks. The intensity of agricultural activity and distance from the potential OCP emitters have important influences on the OCP residue distributions. Principal component analysis indicates that HCH pollution is a mix of historical technical HCH and current lindane pollution and DDT pollution input is only due to technical DDT sources. The significant correlations of OCP compounds reveal that HCHs, DDTs and HCB could have some similar sources of origin.     

柴油在土壤中迁移的试验模拟研究

通过土柱模拟试验研究了0#柴油在不同类型的土壤(壤土、砂土)中分别以连续和间歇方式入渗的渗流特征.结果表明:柴油在壤土中的入渗速率小于砂土;相同类型的土壤中,连续入渗的速率大于间歇入渗;柴油饱和溶液入渗条件下,绝大部分的柴油集中在深度小于25 cm的土层里,只有在连续入渗砂土情况下,大量的柴油迁移到了35 cm深度的土层;柴油以无水液流态(NAPL)间歇入渗条件下,壤土和砂土中各土层的柴油质量比与土层深度服从相应的负指数关系.通过对比静态吸附的结果,发现迁移过程中存在吸附、截留和生物降解作用等.     

重金属镉胁迫下鲫鱼不同组织中金属硫蛋白的动态变化

研究一定环境条件下,重金属镉(Cd)胁迫对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)不同组织中金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的影响.结果表明,水温为(16.5±1.0)℃时,平均体长(15.32±0.63)cm、体重(310.60±5.69)g的鲫鱼不同组织中MT含量的本底值存在显著差异(p<0.05),含量顺序为肝脏(3.018±0.023)～(3.226±0.010)υg·g-1>肾脏(2.663±0.009)～(2.852±0.003)υg·g-1>鳃丝(1.523±0.017)～(1.623±0.009)υg·g-1 >肌肉(1.432±0.011)～(1.474±0.005)υg·g-1,且相对比较稳定.在0.005 mg·L-1、0.050 mg·L-1、0.100 mg·L-1、0.250 mg·L-1和0.500 mg·L-1的Cd2 胁迫下,鲫鱼4种组织中MT含量的总体变化趋势基本一致,即先升高后稳定,且在0～6 h内MT含量的增加速率最大;鳃丝、肝脏和肾脏3种组织中MT含量在12 h时达到峰值,随后略有下降并趋于稳定;肌肉中MT含量在24～96 h达到峰值.鲫鱼4种组织中MT含量在12 h内的增加量与Cd2 的质量浓度显著相关,表现出一定的剂量-效应关系,这表明水体中Cd2 可诱导鲫鱼组织中MT的合成与表达,且诱导时间主要在前12 h内.鲫鱼肝脏、肾脏和鳃丝组织中的MT可作为评价外源重金属Cd污染的生物标志物.     

离体条件下十溴联苯醚暴露对鲫鱼肝脏线粒体的氧化损伤

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为试验材料,研究了在离体条件下经不同质量浓度的十溴联苯醚(PBDE-209)暴露后,鲫鱼肝脏线粒体中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性的动态变化.结果表明,采用质量浓度为5.6～100.0 mg/L的PBDE-209处理鲫鱼肝脏线粒体30 min,5.6 mg/L组鲫鱼肝脏线粒体中T-AOC、MDA含量、XOD和SOD活性与对照组相比无显著差异(p>0.05); 其余各组的XOD活性和MDA含量随PBDE-209质量浓度增加逐渐上升,而T-AOC和SOD活性逐渐下降,均与PBDE-209质量浓度呈明显的相关关系(p<0.01).这说明PBDE-209对鲫鱼肝脏产生了氧化损伤,具有生化毒性.离体条件下鲫鱼肝脏线粒体中的T-AOC、MDA、XOD和SOD可作为生物标志物来评价多溴联苯醚的生化毒性.