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71.
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IntroductionMostofnitroaromaticsareimportantenvironmentalpollutants.ThecarpisthemajoreconomicfishinChinaandisoneofthefivestan?.. 相似文献
73.
Linping Fan Shuang Fu Xin Wang Qingyan Fu Haohao Ji Hao Xu Guimei Qin Xue Hu Jinping Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(8):26-38
To investigate the air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations of six criteria pollutants in nine typical urban agglomerations in China using ground-based data and examined meteorological influences through correlation analysis and backward trajectory analysis under different responses. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in urban agglomerations respectively decreased by 18%–45% (30%–62%), 17%–53% (22%–39%), 47%-64% (14%–41%), 9%–34% (0%–53%) and 16%-52% (23%–56%) during Lockdown (Post-lockdown) period relative to Pre-lockdown period. PM2.5 pollution events occurred during Lockdown in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebe (BTH) and Middle and South Liaoning (MSL), and daily O3 concentration rose to grade Ⅱ standard in Post-lockdown period. Distinct from the nationwide slump of NO2 during Lockdown period, a rebound (~40%) in Post-lockdown period was observed in Cheng-Yu (CY), Yangtze River Middle-Reach (YRMR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). With slightly higher wind speed compared with 2019, the reduction of PM2.5 (51%–62%) in Post-lockdown period is more than 2019 (15%–46%) in HC (Harbin-Changchun), MSL, BTH, CP (Central Plain) and SP (Shandong-Peninsula), suggesting lockdown measures are effective to PM2.5 alleviation. Although O3 concentrations generally increased during the lockdown, its increment rate declined compared with 2019 under similar sunlight duration and temperature. Additionally, unlike HC, MSL and BTH, which suffered from additional (> 30%) air masses from surrounding areas after the lockdown, the polluted air masses reaching YRD and PRD mostly originated from the long-distance transport, highlighting the importance of joint regional governance. 相似文献
74.
In recent years, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been widely used. However, PBAT-degrading bacteria have rarely been reported. PBAT-degrading bacteria were isolated from farmland soil and identified. The effects of growth factors on the degradation of PBAT and the lipase activity of PBAT-degrading bacteria were assessed. The degradation mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that Stenotrophomonas sp. YCJ1 had a significant degrading effect on PBAT. Under certain conditions, the strain could secrete 10.53 U/mL of lipase activity and degrade 10.14 wt.% of PBAT films. The strain secreted lipase to catalyze the degradation of the ester bonds in PBAT, resulting in the production of degradation products such as terephthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and adipic acid. Furthermore, the degradation products could participate in the metabolism of YCJ1 as carbon sources to facilitate complete degradation of PBAT, indicating that the strain has potential value for the bioremediation of PBAT in the environment. 相似文献
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研究重稀土元素钇(Y(Ⅲ))对短程反硝化工艺的短期和长期影响.结果表明,1~50mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对亚硝酸盐的积累量无明显影响,60~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)会影响硝酸盐的还原和亚硝酸盐的积累.1~10mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对细菌活性呈现促进作用,20~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对细菌活性呈现抑制作用.胞外吸附的Y(Ⅲ)是抑... 相似文献
77.
机器学习结合多源遥感数据反演土壤水分含量(SMC)是目前SMC研究的热点,因较少考虑温度、蒸散等重要SMC影响因子,反演结果存在一定的不确定性。利用Sentinel-1影像、MODIS产品和SRTM数据,提取雷达后向散射系数等32个SMC影响因子,经相关分析选择27个显著的SMC影响因子(P<0.05)作为反演因子,并设计三组因子组合。这三组因子组合分别与随机森林、支持向量回归、BP神经网络三种机器学习方法结合,发现基于随机森林结合所有因子的方案,其SMC反演精度最高,该组合均方根误差RMSE为0.039 m³/m³,将该方案被用于反演2017年生长季锡尔河流域中下游平原区农田SMC。结果表明:从上部至下部SMC总体呈逐渐增加的态势,但存在显著时空差异,春季和秋季SMC较高而夏季较低。SMC差异主要由土壤质地、热量条件和地表植被状况差异引起。春季平原区下部农田SMC要高于上部,SMC的主控因子是土壤质地和地表植被状况;在夏季,土壤水分的主控因子是热量条件,农田灌溉弥补了热量条件差异对土壤水分的影响,导致空间上平原上部和下部土壤SMC空间差异不显著;秋季SMC的主控因子植被状况抵消地表温度和土壤质地差异对SMC的影响,使得秋季SMC空间差异不显著。本文采用的研究方法在一定程度上克服了因考虑SMC影响因子不足而获取更高SMC精度的限制。 相似文献
78.
大气颗粒物中重金属干沉降输入是农业区域重金属的重要来源之一,但当前对农业区大气重金属沉降的观测研究较少.通过对南京近郊典型稻麦轮作区定点连续1 a采样,分析了不同粒径大气颗粒物和其中10种金属元素的浓度,并利用大叶模型估算其干沉降通量.结果表明,颗粒物浓度和干沉降通量均呈现冬春高、夏秋低的变化趋势;冬春季颗粒物污染为粗粒子(2.1~9.0μm)和细粒子(<2.1μm)的双重作用,而夏秋季则主要为细粒子的作用;金属元素浓度在巨粒子(>9.0μm)中占比最低,在粗粒子和细粒子中相当,而Pb、 Mn、 As和Cd在细粒子中占比较高;10种金属元素的年均干沉降通量[mg·(m2·a)-1]大小为:Ca(2 096.4)>Al(1 710.4)>Zn(855.0)>Fe(256.1)>Pb(40.35)>Cu(31.93)>V(26.21)>Mn(9.10)>As(2.48)>Cd(0.28).研究结果为更加全面地认识人类活动对农产品质量安全和土壤生态环境的影响提供参考依据. 相似文献
79.
为了研究天然高寒草地转变为混播人工草地对土壤微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了青海省共和县的天然以及由天然转变为混播人工草地样地土壤中的微生物群落.结果表明,天然草地转变为混播人工草地后植被物种多样性和土壤有机质含量显著下降(P<0.05).在两块样地共检测到29个细菌门和11个真菌门的微生物.天然草地转变为人工草地后,土壤细菌的多样性显著升高,细菌的香农指数从9.51增加到9.89;土壤真菌的多样性降低但差异不显著.与天然草地相比,人工草地的土壤细菌与真菌群落结构、组成均发生了明显的变化,细菌群落结构与总有机质的含量、总氮含量和土壤含水量显著相关,真菌群落结构与总有机质含量和土壤含水量显著相关.线性判别分析(LEfSe)结果表明,暗黑菌门细菌(Atribacteria)和子囊菌门真菌(Ascomycota)可作为天然草地的指示微生物类群,出芽菌属细菌(Gemmata)和发菌科真菌(Trichocomaceae)可作为人工草地的指示微生物类群.利用Tax4Fun2对细菌群落功能的预测发现,天然草地向人工草地的转变影响了细菌群落对不同碳源的利用潜力. 相似文献
80.
Junhua Li Shangchao Xiong Jianjun Chen Hao Liu Wenzhe Si Yue Peng Xuecheng Wu Huan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):400-416
In most of the world's building material industries, the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant. However, given the large capacity and high contribution of China's building materials industry to global air pollution, the need to develop multi-pollutant emission reduction technology is urgent. Recently, China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry, established many key research and development projects, and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits. This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China's building materials industry, including denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction, and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries. On this basis, revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China's building material industry are proposed. 相似文献