Modelling tritrophic interactions mediated by induced defence volatiles

Many plant species defend themselves against herbivorous insects indirectly by producing and releasing induced volatiles to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. In this paper, we consider the recruitment of natural enemies attracted by plant-induced volatiles and introduce the An–Liu–Johnson–Lovett model into the Lotka–Volterra model in an attempt to add this missing vital link in tritrophic interaction. Increase in attraction strength of plant-induced volatiles to the natural enemy leads to high fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population. When the attack strength of natural enemies reaches a certain level, fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population will decrease and plant biomass will approach to its environmental carrying capacity. The simulation demonstrates that plant volatile compounds induced by insects have led to the introduction of a third tritrophic level, e.g., natural enemies, into the plant–herbivore system, resulting in the coexistence of plants, insects, and natural enemies during the evolution process.     

The effects of different methods of catalyst preparation on the hydro-electric plasma TiO2-catalyzed degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol

Hydro-electric plasma technology in the presence of TiO₂ catalyst used to treat 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) simulated wastewater is reported. The catalytic activity of TiO₂ prepared by ammonia precipitation was greater than the activity of the TiO₂ prepared by NaOH precipitation. The presence of chloride ions during the preparation process of TiO₂ had a large negative effect on the catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of TiO₂ calcined at 673 K was significantly higher than the activity of the TiO₂ that was calcined at higher and lower temperatures. After being calcined at 673 K, TiO₂ was mainly in the anatase phase and degraded 81% of the 2,4-DNP after 10 min of treatment.     

优势菌处理印染废水的工艺及脱色机理研究

采用不完全厌氧－好氧工艺处理印染废水,工程运行前在水解池中投入了主要用于脱色的优势菌群,经３年多的运行,系统的脱色率均稳定在９０％以上。从池中取菌进行分离鉴定,并进行各单株菌脱色能力实验,对其中具有最佳脱色能力的菌株进行偶氮染料活性黑ＫＮＢ的脱色产物的化学分析,从而探讨水解池中染料的脱色机理。结果发现：分离到的１０株菌对试验染料有较好脱色效果,高效液相色谱检测发现产物只有苯胺类物质的存在。该菌的脱色作用主要是破坏了染料的发色基团——偶氮双键。     

江汉平原建设用地扩张的时空特征与驱动力分析

建设用地的迅速扩张已经成为当前中国土地利用变化的主要特征。以中国科学院土地利用数据库（基于1995、2000和2005TM影像）为基础,利用GIS空间叠加分析和缓冲区分析技术,提取建设用地变化及其空间分布信息,运用建设用地扩张速度和强度指数对江汉平原1995～2005年10 a来建设用地扩张的时空特征进行了研究。在此基础上,结合各县市的社会经济等信息,运用灰色关联分析,对建设用地扩张的驱动力进行探讨。结果显示：总体上江汉平原建设用地扩张速度呈现增大趋势,但各县市之间扩张差异显著;各县市建设用地扩张分布上呈现组团状特点;沿交通线扩张的特征较为突出,尤其是后一阶段增幅高于前一阶段,沿江扩张增幅明显;总人口的增长是江汉平原建设用地扩张最主要的驱动力;交通条件改善、经济发展与区域建设用地扩张也有明显的相关关系     

Phosphorus recovery from fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater by wet air oxidation and phosphate crystallization

Fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater contains highly concentrated and refractory antibiotic organic phosphorus (OP) compounds. Wet air oxidation (WAO)-phosphate crystallization process was developed and applied to fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment and phosphorus recovery. Firstly, WAO was used to transform concentrated and refractory OP substances into inorganic phosphate (IP). At 200 °C, 1.0 MPa and pH 11.2, 99% total OP (TOP) was transformed into IP and 58% COD was reduced. Subsequently, the WAO effluent was subjected to phosphate crystallization process for phosphorus recovery. At Ca/P molar ratio 2.0:1.0 or Mg/N/P molar ratio 1.1:1.0:1.0, 99.9% phosphate removal and recovery were obtained and the recovered products were proven to be hydroxyapatite and struvite, respectively. After WAO-phosphate crystallization, the BOD/COD ratio of the wastewater increased from 0 to more than 0.5, which was suitable for biological treatment. The WAO-phosphate crystallization process was proven to be an effective method for phosphorus recovery and for fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment.     

Eld’s Deer Translocated to Human-Inhabited Areas Become Nocturnal

As human populations expand and nonhuman animals decline, understanding the interactions between people and wildlife is essential. For endangered species, appreciating the effect of human disturbance can be important for their conservation. However, a human disturbance angle is often absent from ecological research, despite growing evidence of the negative impact of nonfatal human interference. Here, we monitored Hainan Eld’s deer living within a reserve and translocated animals living amongst villagers. We show that translocated deer deviated from a crepuscular activity pattern and became increasingly nocturnal, and most active when villagers were not. It appears that translocated deer adapted over time to human disturbance and this pattern is similar to that of other species during periods of hunting. People do not pose an actual threat to Eld’s deer, but their presence triggered a response akin to predator avoidance and may be interfering with broader aspects of their biology and conservation.     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化甲硝唑

采用浸渍法制备了Fe、Ni、Ag、Ce 4种金属氧化物负载活性炭(MeOx/AC)催化剂,并用于甲硝唑(MNZ)的催化臭氧氧化降解,以考察其催化活性.在20 mg/h的臭氧投加量下,催化剂的加入(0.5 g)对MNZ(C0=5 mg/L;pH=5.5)的氧化和矿化有明显改善,其中NiOX/AC催化剂表现出较好的催化活性...     

小球藻对氨厂废水的净化及其叶绿素荧光变化

25℃、5 000 lx条件下,在微电脑培养箱中研究了普通小球藻对浓度分别为25%C、50%C、75%C、100%C的氨厂废水中COD和NH3-N的去除率.192 h后,COD去除率分别为84%、96.4%、97%和95.6%,NH3-N去除率分别为22.7%、4.9%、10.6%和0%,25%C、50%C、75%C和...     

多炉一塔脱硫工艺取消增压风机的可行性研究

多炉一塔脱硫工艺中通常设置增压风机,但在工程实践中增压风机存在着喘振、失速、高能：耗等诸多运行问题。以某自备电厂3台220t／h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫工程为例,针对多炉一塔湿法脱硫工艺是否设置增压风机,从性能、能耗、运行维护成本等方面对设计方案进行了经济技术比较,并利用流场模拟对烟气系统进行了优化,最终通过引风机的改造替代了增压风机的设置,为小型燃煤电厂湿法脱硫工艺的系统设计提供参考。     

Analysis and characterization of cultivable heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes isolated from Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and their potential use for phytoremediation

This study investigates the heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. grown on a mine tailing by using cultivation-dependent technique. Thirty Cd-tolerant bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of S. nigrum L. and classified by amplified ribosomal DNA-restriction analysis into 18 different types. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these isolates belonged to four groups: Actinobacteria (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (27%) and Firmicutes (7%). All the isolates were then characterized for their plant growth promoting traits as well as their resistances to different heavy metals; and the actual plant growth promotion and colonization ability were also assessed. Four isolates were re-introduced into S. nigrum L. under Cd stress and resulted in Cd phytotoxicity decrease, as dry weights of roots increased from 55% to 143% and dry weights of above-ground from 64% to 100% compared to the uninoculated ones. The total Cd accumulation of inoculated plants increased from 66% to 135% (roots) and from 22% to 64% (above-ground) compared to the uninoculated ones. Our research suggests that bacterial endophytes are a most promising resource and may be the excellent candidates of bio-inoculants for enhancing the phytoremediation efficiency.