安徽铜陵鸡冠石银(金)矿床地质地球化学特征

鸡冠石银 (金 )矿床是铜陵地区一个具中型规模的银 (金 )矿床 ,在整个长江中、下游地区都有其代表性。矿床分四个主要成矿阶段 :夕卡岩阶段、氧化物 -硫化物阶段、石英 -硫化物阶段和石英多金属硫化物-碳酸盐阶段。对矿床的微量元素分析结果表明 ,独立的银、金矿物和含Au、Ag低的硫化物、含Ag硫盐矿物 ,主要形成于热液成矿期中晚阶段 ;矿床的轻、重稀土元素总浓度比值与辉石二长闪长岩相近 ,反映出二者的同源特征 ;稳定同位素和流体包裹体成分分析结果 ,反映出该矿床以岩浆热液为主的成因标志 ;成矿热液以岩浆水为主 ,但在成矿晚期有大气降水和地层成分加入 ;成矿流体为NaCl-KCl -H2 O体系 ;矿床成因属夕卡岩 -中低温热液充填 -交代型矿床     

Markov灰色残差GM(1,1)模型在滇池观音山断面水质预测中的应用研究

选用2005年-2014年观音山断面水质自动监测资料,利用灰色残差修正GM(1,1)模型对滇池观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N 4个指标2015年、2016年浓度进行预测.结果表明:传统的GM(1,1)模型存在较大预测误差;pH和DO浓度的预测可使用GM(1,1)一次残差修正模型;CODMn和NH3-N浓度的预测可使用GM(1,1)二次残差修正模型.预测2015年观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N年平均浓度分别为8.89、7.96 mg/L、8.9 mg/L、0.31 mg/L;2016年观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N年平均浓度分别为8.92、7.89 mg/L、9.17 mg/L、0.34 mg/L.     

Estrogenic effects of water from the Yangtze River （Nanjing section） on goldfish （Carassius auratus） after an early life stage exposure

Effects of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. The results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significantly reduced when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Body lengths, weights of all treated fish did not differ significantly from those of the control. Condition factors (CF) of larval fish exposed to 50% and 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section were significantly lower than that of the control (P< 0.05). VTG inductions were significant in larval fish exposed to all the dilution series of river water. No significant difference in CF value was observed in any exposure group after 150 days of depuration. VTG was fully eliminated after 75 days of depuration. For both female and male, GSI did not significantly differ between exposure groups and the control after 150 days of convalescence. The highest female:male ratios were observed in response to the treatment with 50% or 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section (53:47, 56:44 and 54:46, respectively), but no significant difference in sex ratio was observed in any treated group when compared to the control. The results showed that early life stage exposure of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) had adverse effects on goldfish development and reproductive health, and the effects on CF and VTG were reversible after depuration in clean water.     

Fish transplantation and stress-related biomarkers as useful tools for assessing water quality

The active biomonitoring (ABM) approach was investigated using species of indigenous (from a pristine site) and transplanted (to a polluted area) fish Carassius auratus as an indicator organism of water/sediment pollution in Taihu Lake, a highly urbanized and industrialized area. The biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, catalase activities (CAT) and lipoperoxidation (as MDA) in liver were determined as stress-related biomarkers during the field exposure period. At the same time, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals in the surface sediments of biomonitoring sites were also determined. The results indicate that the in situ exposed organisms were stressed. The marked increases of EROD, GSH, CAT and MDA in transplanted animals, suggested their potential application as biomarkers in pollution monitoring. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) was used to evaluate an integrated impact of toxicants from different polluted sites.     

指示水生生态系统环境雌激素暴露的多种生物标志物的选择

废水中复杂的成分及其复杂的作用机制和外界的种种不确定性因素为水生生态系统中环境雌激素的风险研究造成了困难.文章介绍了用于指示环境雌激素污染的主要生物标志物以及与不同环境雌激素相应的生物转化酶,阐述了卵黄蛋白原、精子DNA损伤、细胞色素P450、谷胱甘酞S-转移酶及黄素单加氧酶等的生物化学响应原理、应用范围以及国内外最新研究进展.针对真实环境的雌激素复合污染现状,筛选一系列互补、敏感、准确、高效的生物标志物,研究它们的变化规律及其相互关系将有利于揭示环境雌激素的致毒机理,并在污染环境早期诊断和生态风险评价中发挥重要作用.     

一种新型聚合物分散剂的制备及表征

以甲基丙烯酸和丙烯磺酸钠为单体、过硫酸铵溶液为引发剂合成聚合物分散剂（PMS）。最佳合成条件：单体总质量为60g,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯磺酸钠的摩尔比为3．0,过硫酸铵溶液加入量为12g,亚硫酸氢钠加入最为1g,反应温度为75℃。对最佳条件下制得的PMS进行应用实验,当100g陶瓷氧化铝粉末中PMS加入量为0．5g时,浆料的黏度较小,分散效果良好。PMS属于非品态聚合物,热稳定性良好,相对分子质量为2127。     

城市声环境综合整治规划方法探讨

本文论述城市声环境综合整治规划方法和程序,即从城市声环境的质量评价分析,城市噪声污染趋势分析,结果城市总体规划原则,提出声环境规划目标,城市噪声综合整治规划的内容及实施规划的支持与保证。     

硝基芳烃对斜生栅列藻的毒性与结构相关性研究

采用量子化学ＭＮＤＯ法计算了１８种硝基芳烃化合物的分子量低空轨道能（ＥＬＵＭＯ）,了高占有轨道能（ＥＨＯＭＯ）,生成热之差△（△Ｈｆ）,偶极矩μ及净电荷ＱＮＯ２。用这５种量化参数对斜生栅列藻的急性毒性值进行定量构效关系（ＱＳＡＲ）研究,得到如下３参数方程：－ｌｏｇＥＣ５０＝２．９２－０．０７７△（△Ｈｆ）＋０．０８μ＋０．２８ＥＨＯＭＯ〈ｎ＝１８,ｒ＝０．９６１,Ｓ＝－０．１７３。应用所得方程计算     

淀粉接枝型絮凝剂的合成及在废水中的应用

以过硫酸铵／亚硫酸氢钠为引发体系,合成了淀粉接枝丙稀酰胺共聚物。采用正交试验方案研究了絮凝剂的合成工艺条件,得出最佳条件：反应温度为5℃,引发剂量为0．3g,mat：mAM为1：2(质量比),反应时间为3h。将合成的高分子絮凝剂应用于焦化废水的处理,得出投加量为8mg／L为宜。     

松花江水中酚类化合物生物降解性的测定及QSBR研究

以松花江水中细菌为接种源,用碘量法分别测定了１８种酚类化合物的ＢＯＤ５值采用ＱＳＡＲ程序软件计算得分子量ＭＷ、分子体积ＭＶ、疏水性参数ｌｇＰ及电离常数ｐＫａ．用ＭＭＰ软件计算了四种分子连接性指数(２ｘ,４Ｘ,２ｘＶ及４ｘＶ)．对１８种及训练组中的１４种酚类化合物ＢＯＤＴ值分别与其结构参数进行了回归分析,得到如下最佳回归方程:应用所得ＱＳＢＲ模型,拟合了１８种化合物的ＢＯＤ５值,计算了残差,预测了实验组中４个化合物的ＢＯＤＴ值,并初步探讨了生物降解机理．