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Yong Li Caihong Li Yanhai Zheng Guanglei Wu Tana Wuyun Hong Xu Xinhua He Gaoming Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(2):255-265
Combined e ects of ozone (O3) and cadmium (Cd) on growth and physiology of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. JM22)
were determined. Wheat plants were grown without or with Cd and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (< 10 ppb O3) or elevated O3
(80 5 ppb, 7 hr/day) for 20 days. Results showed that O3 considerably depressed light saturated net photosynthetic rate (–20%),
stomatal conductance (–33%), chlorophyll content (–33%), and total biomass (–29%) without Cd. The corresponding decreases were
further enhanced by 45%, 56%, 60% and 59%, respectively with Cd, indicating a synergistic e ect of O3 and Cd on wheat. Ozone
significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (46%), catalase (48%) and peroxidase (56%). However, great increases
in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (2.55 folds) and intercellular CO2 concentration (1.13 folds) were noted in O3+Cd treatment
compared to control. Our findings demonstrated that the increased anti-oxidative activities in wheat plants exposed to O3+Cd might
not be enough to overcome the adverse e ects of the combination of both pollutants as evidenced by further increase in MDA content,
which is an important indicator of lipid peroxidation. Precise prediction model on O3 damages to crop should be conducted to ensure
agricultural production security by considering environmental constraints in an agricultural system in peri-urban regions. 相似文献
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为实现黄连素废水的规模化处理,针对黄连素废水可生化性差、有机污染物浓度高等特点,采用UASB-MBR(升流式厌氧污泥床-膜生物反应器)组合工艺,利用微生物的生化反应去除废水中的高浓度有机物和黄连素,考察在不同HRT(水力停留时间)下CODCr和黄连素的去除效果,并采用GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用仪)对系统进、出水中的特征污染物进行分析. 结果表明:①在UASB与MBR的HRT分别为96、66 h,84、58 h,72、50 h,60、41 h,以及进水ρ(CODCr)和ρ(黄连素)分别为2 030.0~3 660.0和19.0~400.0 mg/L的条件下,CODCr和黄连素的平均去除率均可达到90.0%以上,出水ρ(CODCr)平均值低于150.0 mg/L,ρ(黄连素)平均值低于4.0 mg/L. ②UASB与MBR的HRT分别为72、50 h为最佳运行条件. ③UASB可以明显降低废水中特征污染物的种类和浓度,UASB出水经MBR处理后,废水中的11种主要特征污染物均得到有效降解. 相似文献
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温度对ABR反应器处理效果和微生物群落结构的影响 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
采用厌氧折流板反应器(Anaerobic baffled reactor, ABR)工艺处理模拟养猪场废水,考察低温(15±1)℃、中温(35±1)℃、高温(50±1)℃等3个温度条件对ABR处理效果和微生物群落结构的影响.同时,在水力停留时间HRT为24 h,进水COD为2000 mg·L-1的条件下,考察了不同温度条件对ABR系统出水COD、pH、挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acid, VFA)的影响.最后,采用扫描电镜和荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)分别考察了不同温度条件对污泥微生物形态、种群结构和相对丰度的影响.结果显示,中温条件下系统的COD去除率最高,保持在96%以上,而低温和高温条件下系统的COD去除率均在70%左右;温度变化对反应器内pH值的影响不大;VFA含量在中温条件下最低,表示反应器运行最稳定;FISH结果显示,中温条件下系统真细菌和古细菌的总相对丰度最高,比低温和高温条件下分别高出12%和27%. 相似文献
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我国工业废水处理的目标不仅是通过消除污染物降低生态风险,还期望通过脱盐技术实现水回用,处理过程中盐分的形成及其减量对于技术的经济性具有重要意义.以生物脱氮不同路径盐分形成与影响因素的分析为研究对象,以电导率作为盐分削减的指标,以NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、NO~-_3-N、SCN~-作为考察的污染物,把总氮去除作为目的,从电子供体种类/比例、碳源、碱和磷盐的投加量以及水力停留时间(HRT)等主要因素对传统硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化3种工艺进行对比研究,讨论了模拟焦化废水原位减盐的效果.结果表明:①以目标去除进水中200 mg·L~(-1)NO~-_2-N/NO~-_3-N为基准,3种脱氮路径盐分削减能力顺序为:厌氧氨氧化(41.97%)短程反硝化(26.12%)传统反硝化(11.16%);②在最优工况条件(NO~-_2-N/NH~+_4-N=1.33,c(NaHCO_3)=100 mg·L~(-1),HRT=18 h)下,厌氧氨氧化的减盐率、NO~-_2-N和NH~+_4-N的降解率均达到最佳,分别为41.97%、100%和99.38%;③相比较于单一的SCN~-或者苯酚,SCN~-与苯酚共同作为电子供体的脱氮减盐效果更佳;④SCN~-∶苯酚的电子供体比例为1∶3,HRT=38 h时,短程反硝化与传统反硝化脱氮减盐效果同时达到最优,其中短程反硝化的减盐率、NO~-_2-N及SCN~-的降解率分别为26.12%、82.95%、100%,传统反硝化的减盐率、NO~-_3-N及SCN~-的降解率分别为11.16%、100%、100%.研究工作可为寻求废水处理优化的脱盐路径提供指导. 相似文献
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Phosphorus recovery from fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater by wet air oxidation and phosphate crystallization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater contains highly concentrated and refractory antibiotic organic phosphorus (OP) compounds. Wet air oxidation (WAO)-phosphate crystallization process was developed and applied to fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment and phosphorus recovery. Firstly, WAO was used to transform concentrated and refractory OP substances into inorganic phosphate (IP). At 200 °C, 1.0 MPa and pH 11.2, 99% total OP (TOP) was transformed into IP and 58% COD was reduced. Subsequently, the WAO effluent was subjected to phosphate crystallization process for phosphorus recovery. At Ca/P molar ratio 2.0:1.0 or Mg/N/P molar ratio 1.1:1.0:1.0, 99.9% phosphate removal and recovery were obtained and the recovered products were proven to be hydroxyapatite and struvite, respectively. After WAO-phosphate crystallization, the BOD/COD ratio of the wastewater increased from 0 to more than 0.5, which was suitable for biological treatment. The WAO-phosphate crystallization process was proven to be an effective method for phosphorus recovery and for fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment. 相似文献
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为减轻水体污染,缓解环境压力,对典型城镇污染河水进行气动絮凝实验研究。在设定的实验条件下,以某大学中水站格栅后生活污水稀释配制的水样来模拟典型城镇污染河水并作为实验研究对象,以无机高分子聚合物聚合氯化铁铝(PFAC)为絮凝剂,有机高分子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂。在此基础上,以浊度、COD、总磷和溶解氧为测定指标,采用连续流的方式进行一系列实验研究。实验结果显示:采用微孔曝气头进行曝气,当混合阶段充气量及絮凝池第一格、第二格充气量分别为1.778 m3空气/m3处理污水量、1.444 m3空气/m3处理污水量和0.622 m3空气/m3处理污水量时,城镇污染河水中污染物的去除效果最佳。其浊度、COD、TP的去除率可分别达93.6%、68.6%和73.5%。此外,在处理效果良好的前提下,沉淀池出水口出水溶解氧含量均能保持在2.29 mg/L左右。 相似文献