无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜,铅,镉

介绍了用高流量大气采样器和瓦特曼滤膜采集样品，以硝酸－高氯酸消化，无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜、铅、镉。对高流量大气采样流量校准、滤膜选用，仪器测试条件及消化方法进行试验和讨论。本方法检测限分别为铜１．８ｎｇ／ｍ３、铅１．４ｎｇ／ｍ３、镉０．７ｎｇ／ｍ３，变异系数分别为铜９．６％、铅８．９％、镉１８．０％。     

The performance of nature reserves in capturing the biological diversity on Hainan Island,China

Purpose  

The performance of nature reserves depends on the degree to which they represent a region's full biodiversity. Here, we conducted a study on Hainan Island, China, to assess how well Hainan's biodiversity features were captured by existing nature reserves. We also explored the driving forces behind the current protection pattern so as to provide guidelines for improving the island's conservation system.     

Experimental study on the mechanism effect of seepage on microstructure of tailings

The deformation of microstructure of tailings caused by seepage is the main factor that leads the tailings dam to be damaged and lose stability. The effect of seepage on microstructure of tailings has been studied by a self-made observation testing apparatus of micro-mechanics and deformation of tailings, and its mechanism also has been explained in mechanics of particulate matter. The results show that the deformation response to microstructure of tailings is fast under load. The settlement of sample increases stepwise. Firstly, the fine particles crumble, then skeleton particles move, so as to noticeable settlement. Because the loose particles migrate taken by seepage water, the upper pores become bigger and lower pores become smaller. The relation of seepage water and settlement changing with time could be divided into two stages. In each stage, the rates of seepage and settlement reduce with time, and between the two stages, the rate of settlement increases significantly and the rate of seepage reduces with time. The seepage has significant effect on the particle size distribution of tailings in different depths, which has a little effect on the coarse tailings; the proportion of fine tailings increases significantly with the depth increasing; the minimum particle size decreases gradually and median diameter reduces stepwise with the depth increasing.     

大连海域大气气溶胶特征分析

本文分析和讨论了１９９４、１９９５两年在大连石槽海洋大气观测站所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度、富集程度、相互关系等物理、化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素对气溶胶浓度分布特征的影响，对气溶胶的来源也作了简要探讨。     

Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh

This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m⁻² d⁻¹); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO₄ removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO₃ in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH₃-N, NO₃-N, BOD, COD, and PO₄ were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh.     

曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能研究

为了考察曝气生物活性炭滤池(BACF)深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能,研究了填料填充度、曝气位置、气水比、水力停留时间和p H等影响因素对滤池去除有机物、氨氮和总氮的影响。结果表明,最佳的工艺运行条件为:填料填充度为80%,底部曝气,气水比为3:1,水力停留时间为8 h,p H为7~8。在最佳工艺条件下运行反应器,COD、氨氮和TN平均去除率分别达到85%、90%和57%,出水可达到实验设定水质要求。BACF具有较强的抗有机负荷能力,进水COD浓度在323至3 000 mg/L之间时,COD去除率稳定在80%。反应器受氨氮冲击负荷影响较大,氨氮进水浓度低于90mg/L时,出水可达到要求。     

欧洲红豆杉细胞培养的研究

从欧洲红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｂａｃｃａｔａ）的嫩茎及什叶诱导出愈伤组织，并对之进行了愈伤组织培养及细胞悬浮培养研究；利用ＨＰＬＣ方法测定了培养物合成紫杉醇的能力．探索了提高培养细胞生长率及紫杉醇含量的一些措施．结果表明，欧洲红豆杉愈伤组织及悬浮培养细胞的生长速率已分别达到０．２７ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｄ－１和０．３５ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｄ－１，紫杉醇含量分别为０．００３１％和０．０１７％。     

谈工业企业的环境管理

对如何搞好工业企业的环境管理进行了探讨，阐述了工业企业的环境管理是一门综合性的科学；工业企业环境管理的主要内容及实施策略；正确处理企业环境管理部门与地方政府环２呆机构的关系，企业内部环境管理与监测部门的关系，企业环境保护与工作与企业生产的关系。     

臭椿治理铜污染土壤的实验测定

臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）具有很强的抗逆性，能适应多种不良的环境，在中国广泛分布，是一个很有潜力的修复铜污染土壤的物种。通过种植实验检验臭椿修复铜污染土壤的能力。臭椿实生苗移植于4种不同铜的质量分数（0、29、57和86 mg·kg-1）、3种不同的施肥处理（对照、有机肥、无机肥）的土壤，经过5周种植，测量臭椿根、茎、叶的铜含量及各部分生物量。试验结果表明：1）土壤铜浓度的差异对臭椿生长没有显著影响；2）土壤施肥处理显著影响臭椿生长，施加无机肥生长最佳，对照次之，施有机肥最低；3）随土壤铜浓度增加，臭椿根、茎、叶的铜含量增加，然后趋缓，但似乎根、茎、叶的铜含量变化不同步；4）土壤肥力对臭椿茎、叶的铜含量没有显著影响，但对根的铜含量影响显著，施加无机肥的根中铜含量显著增加。臭椿经过短短5周处理，其体内铜的质量分数就到达120μg·g-1，且铜在各组织中的分布比为根：茎：叶＝2?1?2。相比一些超富集铜的草本植物，臭椿的铜吸收能力尚有距离，但其高生长、高抗逆性、深根系的特点，加之其对其他众多重金属元素的吸收能力使得这个物种在生物修复污染土壤方面的作用不容小觑。本研究丰富了治理土壤重金属污染的物种库，为进一步寻找重金属“超富集植物”，更有效的治理土壤污染提供一定的参考价值。