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排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins are lipophilic organic pollutants occurring widely in the terrestrial environment. In order to study the PAHs and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) transfer in the food chain, pigs have been fed with milk mixed either with 14C-phenanthrene, with 14C-benzo[a]pyrene or with 14C-TCDD. The analysis of portal and arterial blood radioactivity showed that both PAHs and TCDD were absorbed with a maximum concentration at 4-6 h after milk ingestion. Then, the blood radioactivity decreased to reach background levels 24 h after milk ingestion. Furthermore, the portal and arterial blood radioactivities were higher for phenanthrene (even if the injected load was the lowest) than these of benzo[a]pyrene or these of TCDD, in agreement with their lipophilicity and water solubility difference. Main 14C absorption occurred during the 1-3 h time period after ingestion for 14C-phenanthrene and during the 3-6 h time period for 14C-benzo[a]pyrene and for 14C-TCDD. 14C portal absorption rate was high for 14C-phenanthrene (95%), it was close to 33% for 14C-benzo[a]pyrene and very low for 14C-TCDD (9%). These results indicate that the three studied molecules have a quite different behaviour during digestion and absorption. Phenanthrene is greatly absorbed and its absorption occurs via the blood system, whereas benzo[a]pyrene and TCDD are partly and weakly absorbed respectively. However these two molecules are mainly absorbed via the portal vein. 相似文献
62.
Chelli–Cheheb Razika Arzarello Marta Arnaud Julie Berto Claudio Cáceres Isabel Caracausi Sandro Colopi Francesco Daffara Sara Canini Guido Montanari Huguet Rosa Karambatsou Theodora Sala Benedetto Zambaldi Maurizio Berruti Gabriele L. F. 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2020,107(4):1-13
The Science of Nature - Female-only colour polymorphism is rare in birds, but occurs in brood parasitic cuckoos (Cuculidae). Obligate brood parasites leave incubation and parental care to other... 相似文献
63.
Toxicity attenuation of olive mill wastewater in soil slurries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria Letizia Colarieti Giuseppe Toscano Guido Greco Jr 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(2):115-118
Olive mill wastewaters are toxic for plants and microbes due to their high polyphenol content. We studied the effect of agricultural soil as a natural catalyst to promote polyphenol oxidation and polymerization, and in turn detoxify olive mill wastewaters. We show that model polyphenols are fully converted in soil slurries. Their products show no toxicity to the growth of a typical soil bacterium, Bacillus cereus, and reduced phytotoxicity in germination tests with English cress seeds. Those findings are promising for the sustainable treatment of olive wastewater in aerated soil slurries. 相似文献
64.
65.
Nałecz-Jawecki G Persoone G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(1):22-27
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.005
Background, Aims and Scope In view of the limited amount of information on the potential hazard of the ever increasing amounts of drugs in surface waters
to aquatic biota, a study was undertaken to determine the effect levels of 28 selected pharmaceuticals to the crustacean test
species Thamnocephalus platyurus. The drugs belong to 5 different groups: non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, biocides,
cardiovascular compounds, nervous system drugs and purine alkaloids.
Methods Toxicity tests were carried out with the 1h Rapidtoxkit and the 24h Thamnotoxkit microbiotests in order to make a comparison
of sublethal effects (visible as stress through absence of feeding) measured after a very short time of exposure (1h) and
lethal effects after prolonged exposure (24h). Dilution series starting at 200 mg l–1 were prepared and applied, and median
effects levels were calculated and transformed into Toxic Units (TU) for easy data comparison.
Results and Discussion The toxic effects found have been ranked into 4 arbitrary toxicity classes: not toxic (TU<0.2), low toxicity (0.2<TU<1.0),
toxic (1.0<TU<10) and very toxic (TU>10). The toxicity levels noted ranged from virtually no effects for a few of the pharmaceuticals,
at the highest concentration tested out, to LC50's below 1 mg l–1 (>100 TU) for 3 nervous system drugs (Amitryptiline, Thioridazine
and Chlorpromazine). According to the toxicity classification, 17 of the 28 compounds (i.e. 67%), belong to the same class
for the lethal and the sublethal tests. More pronounced differences in effect levels between the two assays were observed
mainly for the pharmaceuticals which were either not toxic or only slightly toxic at the 200 mg l–1 level. For 90% of the
toxic drugs the ratio between the toxicity values for both tests is below 5.
Conclusion An overall correlation coefficient of 0.96 was found between the 2 microbiotests, confirming the good predictive potential
of the 1h stress-based Rapidtoxkit in revealing important biological effects (mortality) after more prolonged exposure of
the crustacean test species to chemical compounds.
Recommendation and Outlook The present study clearly shows that new microbiotests such as the 1h Rapidtoxkit and the 24h Thamnotoxkit are attractive
tools for rapid cost-effective screening of 'new' pollutants such as drugs which may threaten the biological communities of
the aquatic environment. 相似文献
66.
Irrigation pricing policies and its impact on agricultural inputs demand in Tunisia: a DEA-based methodology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frija A Wossink A Buysse J Speelman S Van Huylenbroeck G 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(9):2109-2118
This paper estimates farmers' individual irrigation water demand functions employing the information hidden in individual farmers' technical efficiency. This information is extracted through the development of a new deductive methodology based on inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. The empirical results for Tunisia show that farmers who are more technically efficient have less elastic irrigation water demand functions; these farmers would adjust demand only to a limited extent and they can afford the water price. In contrast, water pricing significantly affects those that are less efficient. These farmers shift towards a different cropping pattern using significantly less water and more land when the price of water increases. Thus, higher water prices would threaten this category's livelihood if their efficiency is not improved. However, if the technical efficiency of these farmers were to improve, then it would be more difficult to reach water saving objectives since their demand will also become highly inelastic. The findings have important implications in view of the objectives of Tunisia water policy which include:full cost recovery, continuity of the irrigation activity, and water saving at the national level. 相似文献
67.
Snell Terry W. Persoone Guido 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(4):3810-3819
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A protocol for an ultra-rapid screening toxicity test is described using the rotifer Philodina acuticornis/roseola. The test can be executed in 30 min... 相似文献
68.
Guido Grause Takahisa Hosoya Kazumi Hashimoto Tomohito Kameda Toshiaki Yoshioka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(3):519-524
The modification of poly(vinyl chloride) was carried out with iminodiacetic acid (IDA, C4H7NO4) and iminodiacetic acid dimethylester (IDADM, C6H11NO4), as well as with n-dodecanethiol (DT, C12H26S) in the presence of K2CO3. The reaction was carried out at different temperatures below 100 °C with dimethyl formamide (DMF) and cyclohexanone as solvents. IDA did not show any reactivity, probably due to the dipolar character of the molecule. IDADM caused the elimination of HCl, while only substitution ratios of about 3 % were observed. However, the modification of PVC with DT resulted in a substitution rate of 18 % without elimination. DT-PVC showed excellent thermal properties, comparable with those of the unmodified polymer. 相似文献
69.
Gariano Stefano Luigi Petrucci Olga Rianna Guido Santini Monia Guzzetti Fausto 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(2):437-449
Regional Environmental Change - Land use and land cover (LULC), as well as their geographical and temporal variations, affect landslide occurrence and the related risk, in ways that are difficult... 相似文献
70.
Ranked set sampling allocation models for multiple skewed variables: an application to agricultural data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chiara Bocci Alessandra Petrucci Emilia Rocco 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(3):333-345
The mean of a balanced ranked set sample is more efficient than the mean of a simple random sample of equal size and the precision of ranked set sampling may be increased by using an unbalanced allocation when the population distribution is highly skewed. The aim of this paper is to show the practical benefits of the unequal allocation in estimating simultaneously the means of more skewed variables through real data. In particular, the allocation rule suggested in the literature for a single skewed distribution may be easily applied when more than one skewed variable are of interest and an auxiliary variable correlated with them is available. This method can lead to substantial gains in precision for all the study variables with respect to the simple random sampling, and to the balanced ranked set sampling too. 相似文献