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221.
介绍了国内外浮顶原油储罐VOCs泄漏损耗形式。结合美国环保署(EPA)发布的AP-42中第7章储罐的VOCs相关排放公式,建立了外浮顶原油储罐VOCs排放量核算的方法,并对核算方法的应用进行了举例分析,有助于掌握现阶段原油外浮顶储罐的泄漏损耗量,为推进企业绿色低碳发展,控制原油储罐VOCs总量排放提供参考。 相似文献
222.
剖析了国外化学品风险管理理念,梳理了我国进口危险化学品质量安全状况,对进口危险化学品的风险因素进行评估,并探索建立以风险信息数据库、安全标识备案审核制度、差异化管理等模块组成的管理模式,为推动我国进口危险化学品检验检疫模式改革提供参考。 相似文献
223.
通过大气细颗粒物实时在线源解析技术(质谱直接测量法)采集录入淮安市市区部分特征污染源排放成分谱,对淮安市大气细颗粒物进行在线源解析,获取高时间分辨的颗粒物源解析结果,分析颗粒物来源、季度变化和重污染天气的污染过程,评估形成重污染过程的污染影响因子和影响程度,为区域大气污染综合整治提供重要目标指向,同时也为淮安环境空气PM2.5重度污染实时预警与监控、大气污染源减排方案评估、污染事件监控等提供有效的在线监测技术平台. 相似文献
224.
通过对大庆草甸草原和湖泊湿地发生发展自然生态过程的分析,以大庆生态环境的整体性特征为基础,提出草甸草原是大庆生态环境的基础,湖泊湿地是大庆生态环境的特色.以保护和恢复为主巩固草原生态基础地位,以生态重建为主突出湖泊湿地特色.对生态功能正常发挥的草原,以生态保护为主,对生态功能退化草原,以生态恢复为主.对油田生产区的草原,重视生态功能和景观效应.以生态重建为主突出湖泊湿地特色,通过地表水结构的调整增加生态系统的活力和生态服务功能.草甸草原和湖泊湿地的保护与利用要扬长补短、协同并进. 相似文献
225.
杭州湾表层海水营养盐分布特征及富营养化状况研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2015年3月和8月杭州湾的海水质量监测数据,分析了该海域的营养盐分布特征以及富营养化状况,结果表明:杭州湾表层海水无机氮变化范围为0.36~4.22 mg/L,活性磷酸盐的含量范围为0.014~1.51 mg/L,化学需氧量含量范围为0.56~3.18 mg/L.该海域无机氮和活性磷酸盐超标严重,表层海水已处于重度富营养化状态,调查站位EI均大于1.该海域表层海水无机氮、活性磷酸盐、化学需氧量和富营养化指数高值区均与陆源入海口、养殖区、排污口等人类活动影响较大的区域有关. 相似文献
226.
基于高斯扩散的单源估算模式SCREEN3计算佛山市环境统计企业的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离,发现全市工业企业SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为0.4~13.5 km.其中水泥和火电等高架源的最大落地浓度的距离最远.佛山市及五区纳入环境统计的重点废气排放企业平均的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为2.9~4.9 km,能直接影响国控监测点位的企业合计37家,其中40%为高明区的企业.该结果证明加强空气质量国控监测点位周边至少5 km内废气排放企业的督查有利于空气质量的改善. 相似文献
227.
Adrien Brié Ravo Razafimahefa Julie Loutreul Aurélie Robert Christophe Gantzer Nicolas Boudaud Isabelle Bertrand 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):149-158
Heat and free chlorine are among the most efficient and commonly used treatments to inactivate enteric viruses, but their global inactivation mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. These treatments have been shown to affect at least the capsid proteins of viruses and thus may affect the surface properties (i.e. electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity) of such particles. Our aim was to study the effects of heat and free chlorine on surface properties for a murine norovirus chosen as surrogate for human norovirus. No changes in the surface properties were observed with our methods for murine norovirus exposed to free chlorine. Only the heat treatment led to major changes in the surface properties of the virus with the expression of hydrophobic domains at the surface of the particles after exposure to a temperature of 55 °C. No modification of the expression of hydrophobic domains occurred after exposure to 60 °C, and the low hydrophobic state exhibited by infectious and inactivated particles after exposure to 60 °C appeared to be irreversible for inactivated particles only, which may provide a means to discriminate infectious from inactivated murine noroviruses. When exposed to a temperature of 72 °C or to free chlorine at a concentration of 50 mg/L, the genome became available for RNases. 相似文献
228.
229.
Laura Y. Sifuentes Sonia L. M. Fankem Kelly Reynolds Akrum H. Tamimi Charles P. Gerba David Koenig 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(1):14-19
The purpose of this study was to validate the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for evaluating hygiene intervention effectiveness in reducing viral dissemination in an office environment. The bacterial virus MS-2 was used to evaluate two scenarios, one where the hand of an individual was contaminated and another where a fomite was contaminated. MS-2 was selected as a model because its shape and size are similar to many human pathogenic viruses. Two separate experiments were conducted, one in which the entrance door push plate was inoculated and the other in which the hand of one selected employee was inoculated. In both scenarios, 54 selected surfaces in the office were tested to assess the dissemination of the virus within the office. Associated surface contamination was also measured employing an ATP meter. More than half of the tested hands and surfaces in the office were contaminated with MS-2 within 4 h. Next, an intervention was conducted, and each scenario was repeated. Half of the participating employees were provided hand sanitizer, facial tissues, and disinfecting wipes, and were instructed in their use. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction was observed in the number of surfaces contaminated with virus. This reduction in viral spread was evident from the results of both viral culture and the surface ATP measurements, although there was no direct correlation between ATP measurements with respect to viral concentration. Although ATP does not measure viruses, these results demonstrate that ATP measurements could be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of hygiene interventions aimed at preventing viral spread in the workplace. 相似文献
230.
Simone Guadagnucci Morillo Adriana Luchs Audrey Cilli Cibele Daniel Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Compagnoli Carmona Maria do Carmo Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):142-148
Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as the most common cause of foodborne outbreaks. In 2014, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred on a cruise ship in Brazil, and NoV became the suspected etiology. Here we present the molecular identification of the NoV strains and the use of sequence analysis to determine modes of virus transmission. Food (cream cheese, tuna salad, grilled fish, orange mousse, and vegetables soup) and clinical samples were analyzed by ELISA, conventional RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and sequencing. Genogroup GII NoV was identified by ELISA and conventional RT-PCR in fecal samples from 5 of 12 patients tested (41.7%), and in the orange mousse food sample by conventional RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Two fecal GII NoV samples and the orange mousse GII NoV sample were successfully genotyped as GII.Pe (ORF 1), revealed 98.0–98.8% identities among them, and shared phylogenetically distinct cluster. Establishing the source of a NoV outbreak can be a challenging task. In this report, the molecular analysis of the partial RdRp NoV gene provided a powerful tool for genotyping (GII.Pe) and tracking of outbreak-related samples. In addition, the same fast and simple extraction methods applied to clinical samples could be successfully used for complex food matrices, and have the potential to be introduced in routine laboratories for screening foods for presence of NoV. 相似文献