全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4354篇 |
免费 | 94篇 |
国内免费 | 549篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 176篇 |
废物处理 | 231篇 |
环保管理 | 383篇 |
综合类 | 1231篇 |
基础理论 | 1349篇 |
污染及防治 | 1077篇 |
评价与监测 | 254篇 |
社会与环境 | 232篇 |
灾害及防治 | 64篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 81篇 |
2021年 | 68篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 166篇 |
2017年 | 186篇 |
2016年 | 249篇 |
2015年 | 124篇 |
2014年 | 117篇 |
2013年 | 148篇 |
2012年 | 552篇 |
2011年 | 333篇 |
2010年 | 120篇 |
2009年 | 106篇 |
2008年 | 113篇 |
2007年 | 136篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 454篇 |
2004年 | 586篇 |
2003年 | 463篇 |
2002年 | 89篇 |
2001年 | 92篇 |
2000年 | 81篇 |
1999年 | 83篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 55篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4997条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
11.
Jesse?Rush?O’HanleyEmail author David?Tomberlin 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(2):85-98
Removing small artificial barriers that hinder upstream migrations of fish is a major problem in riparian habitat restoration. Because of budgetary limitations, it is necessary to prioritize barrier removal and repair decisions. These have usually been based on scoring and ranking procedures, which, although simple to use, can be very inefficient in terms of increasing the amount of accessible instream habitat. We develop a novel decision-making approach, based on integer programming techniques, which optimizes repair and removal decisions. Results show based on real datasets of barrier culverts located in Washington State that scoring and ranking is over 25% below the optimum on average and a full 100% below in the worst case, producing no net habitat gain whatsoever. This is compared to a dynamic programming method that was able to find optimal solutions in less than a second, even for problems with up to several hundred variables, and a heuristic method, which found solutions with less than a 1% average optimality gap in even less time. 相似文献
12.
Iwasaka Y Shi GY Kim YS Matsuki A Trochkine D Zhang D Yamada M Nagatani T Nagatani M Shen Z Shibata T Nakata H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,92(1-3):5-24
Measurements of aerosols were made in 2001 and 2002 at Dunhuang (40 degrees 00'N, 94 degrees 30'E), China to understand the nature of atmospheric particles over the desert areas in the Asian continent. Balloon-borne measurements with an optical particle counter suggested that particle size and concentration had noticeable peaks in super micron size range not only in the boundary mixing layer but also in the free troposphere. Super-micron particle concentration largely decreased in the mid tropopause (from 5 to 10 km; above sea level, a.s.l.). Lidar measurements made during August 2002 at Dunhuang suggested the possibility that mixing of dust particles occurred from near the ground to about 6 km even under calm weather conditions, and a large depolarization ratio of particulate matter was found in the aerosol layer. The top of the aerosol layer was found at heights of nearly 6 km (a.s.l.). It is strongly suggested that nonspherical dust particles (Kosa particles) frequently diffused in the free atmosphere over the Taklamakan desert through small-scale turbulences and are possible sources of dust particles of weak Kosa events that have been identified in the free troposphere not only in spring but also in summer over Japanese archipelago. Electron microscopic experiments of the particles collected in the free troposphere confirmed that coarse and nonspherical particles observed by the mineral particle were major components of coarse mode (diameter larger than 1 microm) below about 5 km over Dunhuang, China. 相似文献
13.
本文总结中国东南沿海高钾钙碱性—双峰式火山岩带中已勘查大中型矿床成矿环境的共性:矿床所处区域构造的部位、成岩与成矿时代、矿床与岩浆成因类型、火山构造及其基底构造控矿性、矿床与爆发角砾岩、矿床与矿化类型叠加与共生、矿化与蚀变的分带往、矿床定位深度与剥蚀深度。作者认为这八点可作为找寻与评价大(中)型矿床的地质准则。通过火山地质与矿床地质统一的研究提出本区晚中生代以火山为中心地热体系的成矿模式。并就三个方面作类比:①与现代火山地热体系成矿作用类比;②以紫金山高硫型浅成低温热液矿床与世界同类型矿床作比较;③与环太平洋其他火山岩带同类型矿床模式作类比.通过建立本区的模式与类比获得进一步找矿中值得重视的一些思路. 相似文献
14.
The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwins Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwins perspective. Weismanns neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwins dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the modern synthesis is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and molecular evolution, experimental bacterial evolution, and computer simulations (in silico evolution of digital organisms). In addition, we discuss the expansion of the modern synthesis, embracing all branches of scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the basic tenets of the synthetic theory have survived, but in modified form. These sub-theories require continued elaboration, particularly in light of molecular biology, to answer open-ended questions concerning the mechanisms of evolution in all five kingdoms of life.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. hc mult. Ernst Mayr on the occasion of his 100th birthdayThis revised version was published online in March 2004, with corrections to the caption of Figure 6. 相似文献
15.
沈雪梅 《防灾科技学院学报》2005,7(3):108-110
加强干部队伍监督管理是高校组织工作的一个重要方面,群众监督将发挥其无法替代的作用。本文对高校干部队伍监督管理的目标、内容、重点,以及在高校干部管理中的特点及难点作了分析,对完善领导干部监督机制,特别是对其中的群众监督的实践进行了深入思考和探索。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Overestimates of black carbon in soils and sediments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several recent reports suggest that black carbon (BC), which broadly encompasses charcoal, soot, and other forms of pyrogenic carbon, may constitute a significant proportion of the refractory carbon in soil and sedimentary organic matter. BC is a sink for biospheric and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and is intimately tied to the biogeochemical cycling of both carbon and oxygen through its role in organic matter cycling. Additionally, BC may represent a large fraction of the missing carbon sink in global carbon accounting. Here, we demonstrate that documented measurements of BC may be the result of methodological artifacts, which inadvertently overestimate the amount of BC. We found that a widely used thermal oxidative method can create a residue that falls under the operational definition of BC in samples that are relatively BC-free. Moreover, during this procedure, labile organic matter constituents are condensed into pyrogenic carbon, implying that the labile components are present in lesser quantities. These methodological deficiencies are promoting overestimates in the amount of refractory carbon in soil and sedimentary organic matter and may endorse inaccuracies in the rates of carbon fluxes, the mean residence times of terrestrial carbon, and organic matter burial rates in oceanic environments. 相似文献
19.
20.
The invertebrate neuromodulator octopamine is known to be involved in bees' associative learning, enhancing the responsiveness of a bee to a conditioned stimulus. In this study, we tested the effect of octopamine on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees using a two-phase experiment in an array of artificial flowers. During the first phase of the experiment, the bee was allowed to collect octopamine-laden sugar water from two types of equally rewarding flowers (yellow versus blue). In the second phase, one type of flower was set to be unrewarding. The behavior of the bee (proportion of visits to the unrewarding flowers) over the two phases was fitted to a sigmoid regression model. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. 相似文献