定电位电解二氧化硫传感器特性研究

选用了3SF定电位电解型传感器作为二氧化硫连续在线监测探头。通过对该传感器各项特性指标的研究表明：该传感器在0～2500mg／m^3测量范围内,输出信号线性相关系数为0．9989,零点漂移为0．64％F．S．,相对准确度最大偏差为28mg／m^3,响应时间为30s,以上特性符合国家HJ／T76—2001标准中对二氧化硫传感器的各项指标要求,试验研究表明该传感器可用于二氧化硫连续在线监测。     

上海郊区稻田氮素流失研究

通过测坑和大田小区试验，研究了上海郊区稻田氮素排水流失和渗漏流失的特征、相关因素和流失负荷。结果表明，稻田综合排水TN为6.55mg／L，流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2，以铵态氮为主，稻田氮素的排水流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2。稻田渗漏水氮浓度与前茬作物有关，草莓和蔬菜高，麦茬低，TN为5．73mg／L，渗漏负荷为22．92kg／hm^2，其中硝态氮占50％左右。稻田氮素总流失负荷占稻季化肥用量的13．23％。测坑和大田试验都证明，施用有机肥可较多地减少稻田氮素流失量。     

Profiles and risk assessment of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in drinking water sources and treatment plants,East China

This study is the first report describing the occurrence of 15 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the three typical water sources of YiXing City, Taihu Upper-River Basin, East China. The fate of target PAEs in the Jiubin drinking water treatment plant (JTP) was also analyzed. The amounts of Σ₁₅PAE in the Hengshan (HS), Youche (YC), and Xijiu (XJ) water sources were relatively moderate, with mean values of 360, 357, and 697 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAE concentration, making up 80% of the 15 total PAEs. The highest levels of Σ₁₅PAE were found in HS, YC, and XJ in March 2015, January 2015, and July 2014, respectively. The occurrence and concentrations of these compounds were spatially dependent, and the mean concentrations of Σ₁₅PAE in HS, YC, and XJ samples increased from the surface layer to the bottom layer with varied percentage increases. The removal efficiency of the PAEs in the finished water varied markedly, and the removal of PAEs by the JTP ranged from 12.8 to 64.5%. The potential ecosystem risk assessment indicated that the risk of PAEs was relatively low in these three water sources. However, risks posed by PAEs due to drinking water still exist; therefore, special attention should be paid to source control in the JTP, and advanced treatment processes for drinking water supplies should be implemented.

     

Field studies on 32P movement and P leaching from flooded paddy soils in the region of Taihu Lake, China

Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH2 32PO4 tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total 32P retained in the 0-5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The 32P retained in the 25-30 cm layer was only about 1-2% of the total 32P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of 32P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of 32P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0-30 cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5-5.8% and 1.6-2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist.     

微生物燃料电池对苯酚的降解及其产电性能

构建了单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了苯酚含量对以苯酚和葡萄糖为底物的MFC产电性能及苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明:当CODB(苯酚贡献的COD)为0时,MFC的运行周期为36 h,最大输出电压为560 m V,最大功率密度为489 m W/m2;CODB为1 000 mg/L时,MFC的运行周期为54 h,最大输出电压为436 m V,最大功率密度为98 m W/m2;当CODB为200 mg/L时,MFC的COD去除率、苯酚去除率和库伦效率(CE)均达到最大,分别为89.7%、99.9%和7.2%,同时,MFC的阳极生物膜产生的氧化峰电流最高,表明在葡萄糖-苯酚双底物对微生物的协同作用下,MFC的阳极生物膜氧化性最强;随着CODB的增大,COD去除率、苯酚去除率和CE均逐渐减小,说明苯酚的抑制作用导致微生物活性降低。     

浅谈国际原油价格暴跌对进口废塑料行业的影响及建议

作为资源的重要补充,近年来国内塑料加工行业对进口废塑料的需求市场不断扩大,但作为原油的下游产品,因原油价格波动带来的经营影响和环保风险不容忽视。为有效规避风险,提升行业竞争力,在源头控制、行业转型、通关便利等方面提供可行性建议。     

Fenton氧化工艺在某化工园区集中式污水处理厂升级改造工程中的应用

针对江苏省某化工园区集中式污水处理厂出水COD和TP高于DB32/939—2006《江苏省化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》规定的排放限值的情况,采用Fenton氧化工艺对该污水处理厂装置进行升级改造。小试最佳工艺条件为:初始污水pH 3.0~3.5,H_2O_2(质量分数30%)加入量0.8 m L/L,FeSO_4·H_2O加入量0.8 g/L,反应时间120min,Fenton氧化反应结束后中和反应的适宜pH约为7.0。升级改造工程包括2套并联运行的处理能力各为10 km~3/d的Fenton氧化系统,装置稳定运行后最终控制H_2O_2加入量为150 L/h,FeSO_4·7H_2O溶液加入量为700 L/h,相应的处理后出水COD和TP分别稳定在60 mg/L和0.4 mg/L以下,可达标排放。每吨污水的处理药剂成本约为0.9元。     

井底冲击压力特性的研究

运用数值模拟的方法研究了单喷嘴射流撞击井底时产生的冲击压力及其分布规律。研究结果表明，井底最大冲击压力梯度所在的位置距撞击中心约０．１１４倍喷距处，井底最大冲击压力梯度和射流喷速成正比，和喷距成反比，本文绘出了其数学表达式。数值计算结果和室内实验数据吻合较为一致。     

基于模糊重心的建筑物火灾危险性评价

以传统的模糊评价理论为基础,介绍了一种新的模糊评价方法——模糊重心评价法,该方法采用模糊区间的打分格式,选择矩阵一致性容易判断和改进的模糊层次分析法来处理指标体系的权重,这种方法既方便了评测专家表达测评意见,又充分利用了专家的评定意见,因而有利于提高评价的准确性。根据实际调研情况,建立评价指标体系,对某商场进行了火灾危险性评价,得出了满意结果,提出了指标重心的合理排序是建筑消防安全管理工作的依据和重点。     

焦炉地下室CO微机监控系统

针对焦炉地下室易发生CO泄漏事故的现状，在深入分析炼焦工艺的机理，煤气和CO的性质和成因后，研制出一套一氧化碳微机监控系统，并较为详细地叙述了控制系统的研究对象、研究内容、设计思想和实现过程。