A study on the short-term effect of particulate matter pollution on hospital visits for asthma in children in Shanghai,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Recently, particulate matter pollution has been worsening, which has been affecting the asthma visits in children. In this study, we assessed the short-term...     

Royal jelly inhibited N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene in human liver tumor cells (J5)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the question of whether or not royal jelly affects N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in the human liver tumor cell line (J 5). N-acetylation and metabolism of 2-AF in intact J5 cells was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography for the amounts of acetylated and nonacetylated 2-AF and profile of 2-AF metabolism. The results indicated that royal jelly displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of N-acetylation of 2-AF in J5 cells. Royal jelly also decreased the profile of 2-AF metabolites in J5 cells. This report is the first demonstration which showed that royal jelly affects N-acetylation of 2-AF in human liver tumor cells (J5).     

Are Lévy flight patterns derived from the Weber–Fechner law in distance estimation?

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are regularly faced with the task of navigating back to their hives from remote food sources. They have evolved several methods to do this, including compass-directed “vector” flights and the use of landmarks. If these hive-centered mechanisms are disrupted, bees revert to searching for the hive, using an optimal Lévy flight searching strategy. The same strategy is adopted when a food source at a known location ceases to be available. Here, we show that the programming for this Lévy strategy does not need to be very sophisticated or clever on the bee’s part, as Lévy flight patterns can be derived from the Weber–Fechner law in a bee’s odometer. Odometry errors of a different kind occur in desert ants (Cataglyphis spp., Melophorus bagoti). The searching behaviors of these ants are very similar in overall structure to that of honeybees but do not display any Lévy flight characteristics. We suggest that errors in the estimation of distance can be implicitly involved in shaping the structure of systematic search behavior and should not be regarded as merely deficiencies in the odometer.     

促进氰钴胺素转化为腺苷钴胺素的基因表达与鉴定

辅酶B12作为甘油脱水酶(GDHt)的辅酶参与到Klebsiella pneumoniae代谢甘油生成1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)和3-羟基丙酸(3-HP)的途径中.前期研究表明底物甘油可以导致辅酶B12分子中Co—C键的断裂,进而引起GDHt的失活.为进一步研究非活性的维生素B12(CNCbI)转化为具有活性的辅酶B12(AdoCbI)的过程,从K.pneumoniae中克隆得到了ATP:钴(I)胺素腺苷转移酶(ACA)基因btuR和还原酶基因yciK,并成功构建了双启动子表达质粒pUC18-tac-btuR-tac-yciK,将表达质粒转化Escherichia coli JM109获得了一株重组菌.利用改进的分析方法,结果表明:1)重组蛋白具有腺苷转移酶的活性;2)重组菌可以很好地将非活性的钴胺素,如维生素B12,转化生成具有活性的辅酶B12.     

Effects of the adaptations to climate changes on the income of herdsmen in Qinghai Province

This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change.     

中部六省区制造业地理集中度分析

中部六省区在我国经济社会发展格局中占据重要地位.采用Eillison和Glaser设计的公式计算了中部六省区制造业17个行业从2007-2010年间的地理集中指数.通过对地理集中指数的分析发现,中部六省区制造业存在“小范围小幅度集中,大范围大幅度扩散”现象,且集中主要存在于化学纤维制造业、化学原料及化学制品制造业和专用设备制造业这些技术和资本密集型行业.从制造业17个行业扩散大于集中的现象可见,中部六省区目前还处于聚集效应的下降阶段.     

重大冰雪灾害应急管理能力的评价——以湖南省为例

针对重大冰雪灾害应急管理的复杂性,基于湖南冰雪灾害案例以及国内外自然灾害及其应急管理的相关文献,提出了重大冰雪灾害应急管理能力评价指标结构。运用熵权法和群决策方法确定指标综合权重,采用群决策方法获得专家群体对一级评价指标的综合偏好,形成评价城市的综合评价矩阵,运用灰色综合评价模型求出各个评价城市应急管理能力的排序向量。最后以湖南省冰雪灾害为案例进行了应用。     

1780-1819年华北平原水旱灾害社会响应方式的转变

历史时期水旱灾害的社会响应典型案例重建是气候变化影响与适应研究的重要方向。选取1780-1819年间华北平原发生的4次典型水旱灾害(1785、1792、1813年旱灾及1801年水灾),基于清代档案资料和历史气候重建结果提取代用指标,对其灾情严重程度、政府救灾力度和灾民行为进行了量化描述和对比分析,发现:①4次灾害中赈济密度(赈灾物资数/成灾州县数)逐次下降,1813年旱灾中降至不足1785年旱灾的1/6,政府救灾力度遭到严重削弱;②灾民行为日益失控,从1792年旱灾和1801年水灾中的大规模跨区域迁徙,发展到1813年旱灾中大量加入盗匪和起义军,走向暴力。这一转变的发生,是在自然(气候突变、灾害增多)、社会(政府财政危机、人地矛盾激化)不利背景之下,政府与灾民的互动关系日趋消极的结果。     

基于实验模拟的广州市餐饮油烟VOCs排放特征及风险评估

随着城市餐饮行业的快速发展,餐饮源已逐渐成为大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）的主要来源之一。为深入了解广州市餐饮油烟的排放特征,科学制定广州市餐饮源的减排对策,在实验室搭建烹饪平台模拟烹饪过程,探讨不同油温、食用油种类和菜系类型对烹饪油烟排放VOCs组分的影响,并采集广州市典型商圈川菜馆、湘菜馆、粤菜馆、越南菜馆4家餐馆排放的餐饮油烟废气,利用气相色谱质谱仪分析研究4家餐馆油烟废气VOCs组分特征。结果表明：不同食用油、不同油温和不同菜系下所产生的VOCs浓度及组分特征存在较大差异。烹饪油烟VOCs的排放质量浓度与温度呈正相关。东南亚和川菜烹饪方式产生的油烟VOCs均以羰基化合物为主,而油炸类烹饪方式（炸薯条）则以羰基化合物和烷烃类同为主导。炸薯条、东南亚菜和川菜烹饪油烟VOCs的羰基化合物中,乙醛占比突出。乙醛在猪油油烟中占比最高（60.4%）,其次是花生油（53%）。对比环境空气样品,部分醛类物质（丁烯醛、甲基丙烯醛、苯甲醛、戊醛和己醛）在餐饮油烟VOCs中均有检出。结合实验模拟和外场监测结果表明,静电式的油烟净化器可以有效去除乙醛。苯系物在餐饮油烟废气中检出浓度的最小值均高于周边环境样品。4家餐馆中仅湘菜馆的油烟废气中苯的致癌风险＞10^-4,有显著致致癌风险。建议应依据餐饮油烟VOCs关键组分和污染类型,对餐饮行业进行规范科学的管理。     

Acid Orange 7 degradation using methane as the sole carbon source and electron donor

• AO7 degradation was coupled with anaerobic methane oxidation. • Higher concentration of AO7 inhibited the degradation. • The maximum removal rate of AO7 reached 280 mg/(L·d) in HfMBR. • ANME-2d dominated the microbial community in both batch reactor and HfMBR. • ANME-2d alone or synergistic with the partner bacteria played a significant role. Azo dyes are widely applied in the textile industry but are not entirely consumed during the dyeing process and can thus be discharged to the environment in wastewater. However, azo dyes can be degraded using various electron donors, and in this paper, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation performance is investigated using methane (CH₄) as the sole electron donor. Methane has multiple sources and is readily available and inexpensive. Experiments using ¹³C-labeled isotopes showed that AO7 degradation was coupled with anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and, subsequently, affected by the initial concentrations of AO7. Higher concentrations of AO7 could inhibit the activity of microorganisms, which was confirmed by the long-term performance of AO7 degradation, with maximum removal rates of 8.94 mg/(L·d) in a batch reactor and 280 mg/(L·d) in a hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HfMBR). High-throughput sequencing using 16S rRNA genes showed that Candidatus Methanoperedens, affiliated to ANME-2d, dominated the microbial community in the batch reactor and HfMBR. Additionally, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria bacteria (Phenylobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Geothermobacter) improved after AO7 degradation. This outcome suggested that ANME-2d alone, or acting synergistically with partner bacteria, played a key role in the process of AO7 degradation coupled with AOM.