镉、汞、铅在体内对氨基酸掺入微粒体的特异性抑制作用

本实验采用DL-(~3H)-亮氨酸作为蛋白质合成的原料,从亚细胞水平观察镉、汞、铅在动物体内对肝脏各亚细胞组分蛋白合成的影响。实验结果表明,给雄性大鼠腹腔一次注入2.4mg/kg醋酸镉后72h和一次注给2.0mg/kg氯化汞或100mg/kg醋酸铅后24h,均可不同程度地抑制DL-(~3H)-亮氨酸掺入微粒体蛋白,而对其它组分包括细胞核、线粒体、去微粒体后上清液蛋白中DL-(~3H)-亮氨酸的掺入无明显影响。     

The ecological basis of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) management

The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), generally considered to be native to Mexico or Central America, spread into the southern United States of America in the late 1800s and seriously threatened the cotton industry. As there were no effective alternatives, pest control specialists studied the insect's ecology and advocated cultural practices that would disrupt its environment and maximize the benefits of natural biological and environmental controls. An ecologically orientated pest management scheme founded on cultural practices emerged well before suitable chemical control technology became available and allowed farmers to live with the weevil problem.Despite the ingenuity of the early management scheme, it frequently did not provide satisfactory boll weevil control gauged by present standards. Control of the pest thus shifted largely from an ecological to a chemical approach as effective synthetic organic insecticides became available after World War II. The chemical approach was successful for a number of years, but problems of insecticide-resistant strains of pests, secondary pest outbreaks, environmental quality, and increased costs of the insecticides have forced pest control specialists to re-emphasize the nonchemical techniques used widely against the boll weevil before World War II and to revive the ecological approach to weevil management.This article examines boll weevil ecology as related to management of the insect and reviews the status and prospects of ecologically-based weevil management techniques in the United States.     

Insektenpheromone

Pheromones — semiochemicals used by insects for intraspecific chemical communication — can be isolated and with special analytical techniques their chemical structure elucidated. With stereoselective synthesis methods, presented by the preparation of sex attractants and aggregating pheromones of moths and beetles, respectively, a synthetic access to compounds is given which can be used for behavior manipulation of insects. Aside the importance of these compounds for investigations of the sensoric process the possibility of their application in an integrated and biological pest control is discussed.     

Die Anwendung von molekulargenetischen Techniken in der Neurochemie

Research in molecular neurobiology has recently entered a new phase of rapid development as a result of the application of the techniques of molecular genetics. This is illustrated by recent work on the electric ray (Torpedo marmorata and T. californica), whose electric organ is a rich source of cholinergic synapses. Other examples from recent literature of the application of the recombinant DNA technique to the mammalian central nervous system are given and possible future developments are discussed.     

A new pheromone of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori

The female silkmoth Bombyx mori L. emits a second pheromone component bombykal (E-10, Z-12-hexade-cadien-1-al) in addition to the well-known sexual attractant bombykol (E-10, Z-12-hexadecadien-1-ol). Bombykal stimulates its own specialized and highly sensitive olfactory cells of the male moth. Surprisingly, the aldehyde inhibits the release of the male's wing-fluttering response to bombykol.     

基于Kohonen网络的交通大气环境影响评价新方法

为了综合评价多因素对城市交通环境大气的影响,建立了城市交通环境大气影响评价指标体系,即考虑了不同污染物的差异,又突出主要污染物在污染评价中的主要分担作用,采用了新的赋权方法;并根据Kohonen网络理论提出了一种评价交通环境大气影响的新方法.