城市生活垃圾堆肥对水稻生长和土壤的影响

利用城市生活垃圾堆肥作为肥料,采用水培法和土培法对水稻生长和土壤的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用城市生活垃圾堆肥明显提高了水稻的生长量,增加了水稻植株茎叶中硅的含量;降低了糙米中有毒元素镉的含量;改变了土壤的酸度,增强了土壤的肥力;水稻植株和土壤中某些有害元素的含量略有增加,但远低于环境的允许值。     

Impacts of climate change on wheat development and production in the northern China

In this paper, impacts of climate change on wheat development rate and production in the northern China are discussed. The results show that the temperature is a controlling factor of development rate but the precipitation is not. The higher the temperature is. the faster the development and the shorter development period will be. Without consideration to varieties and cropping system, meteorological yield of winter wheat would decrease 170.40, 134.25, 98.70 and 97.20 kg/hm2 in the north China and 13.97, 7.95, 39.60 and 19.80 kg/hm2 in the northwest China compared with that in 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, respectively, when the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is doubled. In drought and semi-drought regions, the spring wheat yield would drop with the temperature rise in and raise with the precipitation increase. The influence of temperature on weight of leaf and stalk is also remarkable.     

应用钻井新技术控制污染

在石油钻井生产施工过程中,排放大量的固体废弃物、废水、废气,对环境造成污染,危害周围的生态环境.据初步统计,胜利油田陆上钻井产生约1×106t/a钻井废弃物.根据污染控制的原则,一般将污染治理分为源头控制、过程控制和末端治理三种方法,目前常用固液分离、化学固化、废钻井液回收再利用处理技术等末端治理方法,缺陷是处理污染物量大、费用高,容易产生二次污染.我们应用钻井新技术从源头和过程控制污染,实践后取得了明显的效果.     

Effects of acid,acid-ZVI/PMS,Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS conditioning on the wastewater activated sludge(WAS)dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)

The effects of four conditioning approaches:Acid,Acid-zero-valent iron(ZVI)/peroxydisulfate(PMS),Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS,on wastewater activated sludge(WAS) dewatering and organics distribution in supernatant and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) layers were investigated.The highest reduction in bound water and the most WAS destruction was achieved by Acid-ZVI/PMS,and the optimum conditions were pH 3,ZVI dosage 0.15 g/g dry solid(DS),oxone dosage 0.07 g/g DS and reaction time 10.6 min with the reductions in capillary suction time(CST) and water content(Wc) as 19.67% and 8.49%,respectively.Four conditioning approaches could result in TOC increase in EPS layers and supernatant,and protein(PN) content in tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS).After conditioning,organics in EPS layers could migrate to supernatant.Polysaccharide(PS) was easier to migrate to supernatant than PN.In addition,Acid,Acid-ZVI/PMS or Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS conditioning promoted the release of some polysaccharides containing ring vibrations v P=O,v C-O-C,v C-O-P functional groups from TB-EPS.ESR spectra proved that both radicals of SO_4~-· and·OH contributed to dewatering and organics transformation and migration.CST value of WAS positively correlated with the ratios of PN/PS in LB-EPS and total EPS,while it negatively correlated with TOC,PN content and PS content in TB-EPS,as well as PS content in supernatant and LB-EPS.BWC negatively correlated to zeta potential and TOC value,PN content,and HA content in supernatant.     

有机锡化合物测定方法研究进展

总结了有机锡化合物常用的测定方法，包括气相色谱－火焰光度法，气相色谱与原子吸收联用，气相色谱－微波等离子体发射光谱法，气相色谱－质谱法以及液相色谱与名种检测方法联用等。对样品前处理、衍生化方法、色谱分离及测定等也进行了讨论     

应用δ~(13)C值探讨土壤中有机碳的迁移规律

C3 植物与C4 植物具明显的δ13C值差异 ,利用这种特性 ,选取荔波茂兰喀斯特森林边缘处这个C3植物—C4 植物转换生长的地点 ,分别采集森林与农田各三个剖面的土壤样品 ,根据测定其土壤总有机碳、不同粒径及不同比重组分的δ13C值间的相互关系来推导土壤有机碳的若干迁移规律     

在监测样本信息的基础上确定水环境系统权重的分配方法

权重确定是水环境质量评价中很重要的一个方面，本文在监测样本信息的基础上，利用正交旋转变换方法，提出了一种权重确定方法，并结合实际进行了计算。     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

污水处理厂自动化监控系统

自动化技术在能源、电力、机械、环境等行业的应用越来越广泛，也促使了自动化水平的不断提高。由于Synall2000强大的网络化功能，为将来系统在子网级和企业级实施基于Synall2000网络化数据监控系统打下了坚实、可靠的基础。在全面实施单个站点自动化监控的基础上，可方便地实现子网级的网络化数据自动采集与监控系统。     

锅壳锅炉后管板孔桥裂纹事故的分析及处理

分析了锅壳锅炉后管板裂纹产生的原因，阐述了事故发生的机理和处理方法。