新常态下中国绿色增长:机遇和挑战

在环境与发展新常态下,中国实现绿色增长既面临众多挑战,也迎来重要机遇。中国应抓住机遇,加速推动绿色增长。一是在国家层面释放更为明确的推动绿色增长的信号;二是优化区域布局;三是通过技术和制度创新实现全要素生产率的提高;四是大力推动城镇绿色化、工业智能化、农业生态化进程;五是在涉及绿色增长的关键部门加强各项配套政策措施;六是构建有利于绿色增长的财税金融政策体系;七是大力培育绿色消费市场,加快绿色科技创新和应用;八是促进环境治理体系和能力现代化,推动环境管理转型;九是发挥社会公众在推动绿色增长中的力量和主体作用。     

Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系中自由基离子对啶虫脒的氧化降解

为探讨水环境中自由基离子对啶虫脒的共降解作用,研究了Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系中啶虫脒降解的可行性,以及在Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系中3种组分最佳配比条件下自由基离子和底物浓度对啶虫脒降解率的影响.结果表明,在Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系下反应360 min后啶虫脒的降解率达到58.25%,c(Fe2+)、c(S2O82-)和c(EDTA)对Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系的氧化能力均有较大的影响.通过中心复合试验对Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系中3种离子的最佳配比进行优化,c(EDTA)、c(Fe2+)、c(S2O82-)分别为1.61、3.46、7.99 mmolL.Fe2+S2O82-EDTA体系中·SO4-和·OH等自由基离子的存在是引起啶虫脒降解的主要原因,中性条件最有利于自由基离子的产生并提高啶虫脒高的降解率.然而该体系中自由基离子的量是一定的,过高的c(啶虫脒)(200μmolL)对降解率有明显抑制.     

Salinity influence on soil microbial respiration rate of wetland in the Yangtze River estuary through changing microbial community

Estuarine wetland, where freshwater mixes with salt water, comprises different regions（rivers and marine ecosystems） with significantly varying tidal salinities. Two sampling areas, ZXS and JS, were selected to investigate the effect of tidal salinity on soil respiration（SR）. ZXS and JS were located in Zhongxia Shoal and Jiangyanan Shoal of Jiuduansha Wetland respectively, with similar elevation and plant species, but significantly different in salinity. The results showed that with almost identical plant biomass, the SR and soil microbial respiration（SMR） of the tidal wetland with lower salinity（JS） were significantly higher than those of the tidal wetland with higher salinity（ZXS）（p 〈 0.05）. However, unlike SMR and SR, the difference in the soil microbial biomass（SMB） was not significant（p 〉 0.05）with the SMB of ZXS a little higher than that of JS. The higher SMR and SR of JS may be closely connected to the soil microbial community structures and amount of dominant bacteria. Abundant β- and γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in JS soil, which have strong heterotrophic metabolic capabilities, could be the main reason for higher SMR and SR,whereas a high number of ε-Proteobacteria in ZXS, some of which have carbon fixation ability, could be responsible for relatively lower carbon output. Path analysis indicated that soil salinity had the maximum negative total influencing coefficient with SMR among the various soil physical and chemical factors, suggesting that higher soil salinity, restricting highly heterotrophic bacteria, is the principle reason for lower SMR and SR in the ZXS.     

微囊藻毒素微生物降解途径与分子机制研究进展

随着大量含氮和磷的废水流入湖泊和江河,导致淡水蓝藻水华污染现象日趋严重.蓝藻水华污染的最主要危害是产生和释放以微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)为主的多种藻毒素.由于MCs对动植物具有很强的毒性,且其在水体中很难被传统的处理方法有效去除,因此如何有效控制蓝藻水华污染和去除MCs是摆在中外环境科学领域的一个难题.针对MCs的结构与毒性、降解菌株、酶催化降解、降解基因和生物降解途径与分子机制的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后微生物降解MCs的研究方向进行了展望,以期为解决我国日益严峻的湖库水体MCs污染和饮用水安全问题提供参考.     

试论安全生产中的几个关系

近年来 ,我国国民经济快速发展 ,但安全生产状况不容乐观 ,安全事故频繁发生 ,事故死亡人数居高不下。笔者在对 1993～ 2 0 0 0年我国安全生产数据进行分析的基础上 ,应用最小二乘法拟合技术研究安全生产与安全事故的内在联系 ;建立人均GDP、人均安全投入、人均安措投入、人均劳保投入与 10万人死亡率和亿元GDP死亡率的函数关系 ;探讨造成安全生产事故的原因 ;进一步完善了安全理论。上述对安全生产中若干问题研究的思路和方法 ,为安全生产的宏观决策和预防事故的发生提供了重要理论和科学依据。     

曲靖市环境噪声达标规划

对曲靖市城区进行了环境噪声功能区划分；分析了曲靖市噪声污染现状和趋势、噪声污染原因，对噪声污染结果进行了预测；分析了环境噪声达标规划，提出了噪声污染控制方案。     

Synthesis, separation and identification of dinitropyrene isomers

Dinitropyrenes (DNP) were prepared by nitration of pyrene, and the product was characterized by MS and elemental analysis. Three isomers of DNP were separated by HPLC and identified by 1H-NMR. The eating sequence on the normal phase column is 1, 3-DNP, 1, 6-DNP and 1, 8-DNP, whereas is 1, 6-DNP, 1. 8-DNP and 1. 3-DNP on the reversed phase column. The separation of three DNP isomers under different chromatographic conditions was also discussed.     

Survey on the status of imported wastes used as raw material in China

 A survey was conducted on the status of imported waste steel–iron scrap and paper–cardboard, and their environmental impacts were analyzed based on the survey results. It was concluded that the importation of wastes will continue, and that it can be helpful to meet the steel–iron and paper-market demands. Some suggestions are offered to address these issues. Received: May 1, 2001 / Accepted: October 1, 2001     

SELECTED NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM NEW JERSEY POTWs1

ABSTRACT: In order to determine appropriate application rates and to ensure low pollutant levels in sewage sludge, knowing the chemical composition of sewage sludge is of great importance in a land application program. The objective of this study is to evaluate the variability of selected chemical characteristics of sewage sludge from New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Measurements of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH₄⁺‐N, P, K⁺, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn reported by 98 facilities in the 1996 and 1997 New Jersey Sludge Quality Assurance Regulations (SQAR) reports were statistically analyzed. Sewage sludge from Category 5 POTWs (greater than 10 percent industrial input) showed higher Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations than Category 3 and Category 4 facilities (less than 10 percent industrial input). Even though only two years of data were analyzed, there was an indication that Cd and Pb concentrations in sewage sludge are decreasing with time. The yearly mean of only a few facilities exceeded the federal pollution concentration limits (40 CFR Part 503, Table 3). Phosphorus and Cd values showed the highest variability within facilities based on the coefficient of variation. Due to the variability of sewage sludge constituents, the use of the yearly rolling mean of nutrient concentrations to determine application rates was considered inadequate. An actual analysis of the sewage sludge to be applied is more appropriate to determine application rates than historical data.     

Vertical distributions of COS and CS2 in Beijing City

Vertical distributions of COS and CS2 were measured at a meteorological tower in Beijing City. The mixing ratios of COS and CS2 are in the range of 371--1681 pptv and 246--1222 pptv, respectively. The significant high mixing ratios of the two compounds at ground level and distinct vertical distributions indicated the existence of strong anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in Beijing City. Domestic stoves and central heaters are important sources of COS during winter season. Cesspools may play significant role on COS over whole seasons. Chemical productions may be responsible for the observed hiah mixina ratios of CS2 in Beiiina Citv.