低温浓缩-气相色谱/质谱法分析固定污染源废气中的丙烯腈

建立了固定污染源废气中丙烯腈的气袋采样-低温浓缩-气相色谱/质谱分析方法。结果表明,该法在丙烯腈质量浓度16.1~4 050μg/m~3范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数R~20.999,检出限为9.54μg/m~3,回收率、日内与日间精密度均符合质控要求,能够满足废气中丙烯腈分析的要求。     

低温浓缩-气质联用分析污染源废气中环氧氯丙烷

建立了气袋采样-液氮低温浓缩-气质联用分析污染源废气中环氧氯丙烷的方法,优化了相关监测参数。优化后的方法在环氧氯丙烷质量浓度10~500μg/m~3范围内线性良好,相关系数0.999,加标回收率为72.1%~85.7%,相对标准偏差5%,气体进样量为5.0 mL时,检出限为4.37μg/m~3,可以满足废气中环氧氯丙烷监测的要求。     

Using ecological memory as an indicator to monitor the ecological restoration of four forest plantations in subtropical China

A large area of plantations has been established worldwide and especially in China. Evaluating the restoration status of these plantations is essential for their long-term management. Based on our previous work, we used an ecological memory (EM) approach to evaluate four 26-year-old plantations that represent four common kinds of plantations in subtropical China, i.e., mixed broad-leaved plantation (MBP), mixed coniferous plantation (MCP), eucalyptus plantation (EP), and mixed legume plantation (MLP). Comparing them with the regional climax community, i.e., monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF), all four plantations accumulated nearly the same pattern of EM during succession. EM was >50 % for soil minerals, light conditions, soil age, soil animals, and soil microbes. EM was about 25 % for soil pollen and 10 % for birds, soil seed bank, and plant species. The total EM value of the four plantations ranged from 50.96 to 52.54, which indicated that all four plantations were in the regional, natural trajectory of succession and between the early and medium successional stages. The results indicated that natural succession processes are unlikely to be accelerated by planting late-stage tree species without sufficient EM. The results also demonstrated that all four plantations were in positive successional trajectories, and the positive succession dynamics were greater in the MLP and MCP. We suggest that the entire natural succession trajectory be used to evaluate the restoration of a site and that the ultimate restoration target be divided into several milestones along the reference trajectory to monitor progress. Forest restoration may be accelerated by starting with a minimum dynamic unit supporting sufficient EM.     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中六价铬的研究

研究建立了测定水中六价铬的流动注射光度分析方法,探讨了利用抗坏血酸的还原性扣除水样中轻度色度或浊度干扰的可行性.本方法线性关系好,检出限低,精密度和准确度高,对地表水、地下水、生活污水、工业废水等实样的测定获得了令人满意的结果.与传统的二苯基碳酰二肼分光光度法相比,具有方法简单、灵敏度高、分析速度快等优点,适用于环境监测的分析工作.     

Investigating the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton in a tropical estuary

We sampled extensively (29 stations) at the Klang estuarine system over a 3-day scientific expedition. We measured physical and chemical variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients) and related them to the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico). Multivariate analysis of variance of the physicochemical variables showed the heterogeneity of the Klang estuarine system where the stations at each transect were significantly different (Rao’s F _{18, 36}?=?8.401, p?<?0.001). Correlation analyses also showed that variables related to Ppico abundance and growth were mutually exclusive. Distribution of Ppico was best explained by the physical mixing between freshwater and seawater whereas Ppico growth was correlated with temperature.     

蓝藻资源化技术研究及应用进展

针对蓝藻资源化问题,概述国内外利用蓝藻制备有机肥、提取高纯度藻蓝蛋白、制备活性炭和藻粉这4种利用方式的特点、现状及应用进展。提出,应从高温好氧堆肥技术、藻蓝蛋白提取技术和藻水分离技术这3个方面,解决其关键技术问题并进行进一步研究开发。     

Arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and human urine in Ha Nam province,the Northern Vietnam: contamination characteristics and risk assessment

The contamination characteristics of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and the potential risks of arsenic from the groundwater were investigated. Elevated contamination of arsenic, barium and manganese was observed in tube-well water of two villages (Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang) in Ha Nam province in the Northern Vietnam. Concentrations of As in the groundwater ranged from 12.8 to 884 µg/L with mean values in Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were 614.7 and 160.1 µg/L, respectively. About 83 % of these samples contained As concentrations exceeding WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L. The mean values of Mn and Ba in groundwater from Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were 300 and 657 μg/L and 650 and 468 μg/L, respectively. The mean value of Ba concentration in groundwater in both Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang was about 22 % of the samples exceeded the WHO guideline (700 µg/L). Arsenic concentrations in human urine of residents from Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang were the range from 8.6 to 458 µg/L. The mean values of Mn and Ba in human urine of local people from Chuyen Ngoai were 46.9 and 62.8 μg/L, respectively, while those in people from Chau Giang were 25.9 and 45.9 μg/L, respectively. The average daily dose from ingesting arsenic for consuming both untreated and treated groundwater is from 0.02 to 11.5 and 0.003 to 1.6 μg/kg day, respectively. Approximately, 57 % of the families using treated groundwater and 64 % of the families using untreated groundwater could be affected by elevated arsenic exposure.     

基于信息熵的省域内能源消费总量分配研究

能源消费总量控制是保障能源安全,积极应对气候变暖的重要手段;省域内能源消费量的合理分配,是落实国家能源消费总量控制的有效措施。提出能源消费总量分配应以公平为主、考虑区域发展权益的同时兼顾效率的原则,秉承“定基数,分增量”的思想,构建了基于信息熵的多因子混合加权分配模型,对目标年能源消费增量进行分配;选择了10个指标从经济水平、能耗水平、发展现状、产业结构及城市发展定位5个方面描述各地区的节能潜力及控制能耗量的责任,拟对能源消费总量在省内各市区的分配进行探索性研究。并以安徽省为例,对安徽省2015年能源消费总量分配到各市区进行了实证分析。结果显示,2015年安徽省17个市区能耗分配量增长率范围为1193%~5045%,能耗增幅的分配结果整体上受各市区人均GDP和人均能源消费量水平所支配,受单位工业增加值能耗和城市化率所调控     

改性粉煤灰对糖蜜废水的吸附效果及机理

采用改性粉煤灰(MCFA)吸附糖蜜废水中的有机污染物,对吸附行为和机理进行了考察和分析。结果表明,MCFA投加量为30 g/L及pH为5.0的优化条件下,COD去除率为88.6%,饱和吸附量为89.7 mg COD/g MCFA。准二级方程能更好地描述糖蜜废水在MCFA上的吸附动力学。颗粒内扩散方程结果表明孔扩散并非唯一的速度控制步骤。吸附平衡表明,Freundlich等温线最符合吸附模式,为优惠吸附。D-R模式中的吸附自由能Ea值推断更可能是物理吸附而不是化学吸附。吸附热力学参数ΔG0(<0)、ΔH0(5.130 kJ/mol)和ΔS0(19.936 J/(mol.K))表明MCFA对糖蜜废水的吸附过程为可行的,自发性的吸热反应。     

填埋场中亚硝酸还原酶测定条件的优化

填埋垃圾中的含氮化合物经一系列生物脱氮作用,最终使得填埋场中的氮素得以消减,在这一过程中亚硝酸还原酶起着十分重要的作用。以填埋场中的填埋垃圾为研究对象,在土壤亚硝酸还原酶测定方法的基础上,对亚硝酸还原酶活性测定条件进行了优化。结果表明,填埋垃圾中的亚硝酸还原酶活性测定的最优条件为:垃圾样品风干温度25℃,2mL的1%NaNO2溶液和2.5 mL的1%葡萄糖溶液,抽气5 min,置于25℃的培养箱中培养24 h。优化后的测定条件相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.27%,表明该方法具有较高的灵敏度和精密度。