Effects of O3/Cl2 disinfection on corrosion and opportunistic pathogens growth in drinking water distribution systems

The effects of O_3/Cl_2 disinfection on corrosion and the growth of opportunistic pathogens in drinking water distribution systems were studied using annular reactors(ARs).The corrosion process and most probable number(MPN) analysis indicated that the higher content of iron-oxidizing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in biofilms of the AR treated with O_3/Cl_2 induced higher Fe_3O_4 formation in corrosion scales.These corrosion scales became more stable than the ones that formed in the AR treated with Cl_2 alone.O_3/Cl_2 disinfection inhibited corrosion and iron release efficiently by changing the content of corrosion-related bacteria.Moreover,ozone disinfection inactivated or damaged the opportunistic pathogens due to its strong oxidizing properties.The damaged bacteria resulting from initial ozone treatment were inactivated by the subsequent chlorine disinfection.Compared with the AR treated with Cl_2 alone,the opportunistic pathogens M.avium and L.pneumophila were not detectable in effluents of the AR treated with O_3/Cl_2,and decreased to(4.60 ± 0.14) and(3.09 ± 0.12) log10(gene copies/g corrosion scales) in biofilms,respectively.The amoeba counts were also lower in the AR treated with O_3/Cl_2.Therefore,O_3/C_l2 disinfection can effectively control opportunistic pathogens in effluents and biofilms of an AR used as a model for a drinking water distribution system.     

降雨过程中气溶胶湿沉降的数值模拟

为了参数化降雨湿去除气溶胶的过程,首先定量计算了雨滴和气溶胶的碰撞效率与它们尺度之间的依存关系,以及雨滴尺度谱满足对数正态分布时气溶胶的清除系数与其尺度的依存关系;然后利用多重Monte Carlo算法模拟了降雨过程中气溶胶尺度谱的时间演变过程,考察了气溶胶湿沉降过程与降雨类型和雨强的相关性.当雨滴尺度谱和气溶胶尺度谱均满足对数正态分布时,数值模拟的结果表明,典型的小雨、中雨和大雨过程对中等尺度气溶胶的湿去除效果均不理想,但都可以有效地湿去除大尺度气溶胶和小尺度气溶胶;3种降雨类型对大尺度气溶胶的湿去除效果均依次好于小尺度气溶胶和中等尺度气溶胶;对于任何尺度的气溶胶,雨强的增加将有利于其湿沉降.     

An implementation framework of blockchain-based hazardous waste transfer management system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid increase in volume and types of hazardous waste (HW) due to China’s continuous economic growth makes it significant to conduct HW...     

生物滴滤塔的固定化技术研究

为降低微生物烟气脱硫的成本,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为对象,研究更优的固定化技术。以2 mol/L的FeCl₃溶液为改性剂,对陶粒进行高温灼烧,改变其表面物理化学性质。采用塔内和塔外相结合的方式,用经微波照射90 s后的突变菌对改性陶粒进行挂膜。结果显示,微波处理后的突变菌活性更高,陶粒改性后比表面积和表面粗糙度增加,塔内外结合挂膜方式能有效缩短挂膜时间,提高挂膜质量。     

关注液化石油气储存站的消防安全

辽河油田现有液化石油气储存站(以下简称"气站")6家,主要分布在城区内,气站占地面积、规模大小不一,储量为10～20m3为主。近几年,随着城市建设步伐的加快,城市发展和安全管理标准的提高,致     

黄石市大冶湖水质变化趋势及成因分析

大冶湖作为一条重要的长江支流,其水生态保护和修复对于长江大保护具有重要现实意义.以2015—2020年大冶湖3个常规监测断面溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)数据为基础进行水质评价,分析其水质变化趋势,探讨其水生态环境问题,并提出修复治理措施.结果表明:大冶湖近6年水质总体稳定,介于GB...     

镉污染对红壤和潮土微生物的生态毒理效应

以土壤微生物生物量碳(Cmic)、土壤酶活性及微生物多样性为微生物学指标,以0.01mol·L-1CaCl2作为Cd有效态提取剂,以江西红壤和天津潮土为供试土壤,在室内25℃连续培养28d的条件下探讨了外源Cd对土壤微生物的生态毒理效应。结果表明:1)不同培养时间潮土CaCl2提取态Cd含量均显著低于红壤,潮土微生物受到Cd的抑制作用也明显小于红壤。2)各微生物指标的敏感性不同,并受土壤类型和培养时间的影响,其中,脱氢酶的敏感性强于脲酶,微生物功能多样性指标中BiologEco板上每孔的平均吸光值(AWCD)的敏感性强于Shannon指数;Cmic、脲酶、脱氢酶、AWCD和Shannon指数均在红壤中更为敏感。选取的5个微生物指标对Cd污染都有良好的响应,均可作为Cd污染土壤微生物生态毒理实验中的测试指标。在土壤酶指标中,可优先选取脱氢酶作为测试指标。3)Cd对Cmic、土壤酶、微生物功能多样性的抑制作用存在时间效应。14dCd对Cmic的抑制作用大于28d,而对脲酶和脱氢酶的抑制作用小于28d。建议Cd污染土壤微生物生态毒理实验中将培养时间设置为28d或适当延长。4)28d时,红壤中Cd对Cmic、脱氢酶、脲酶、AWCD、Shannon指数的EC10分别为1.31、0.26、0.93、0.08、22.71mg·kg-1,而在潮土中分别为1.97、0.69、13.12、0.09、>200mg·kg-1。     

井巷自然通风参数计算模型研究与应用

以巷道中空气流动体系的能量方程为基础,推导出井巷系统节点风温计算式.根据热压差形成矿井自然风流这一基本成因,将自然风压表达为节点风温的函数,并结合井巷通风网络解算法,建立了自然通风参数计算模型,编制了自然通风参数解算程序.通过对酒钢镜铁山矿Ⅱ矿体自然通风参数的计算,得出自然风量在1、7、8、12月达到高峰值,在4、10月处于低峰值.经与全年实测结果对比分析,得出其计算值与实测值基本吻合,从而证明了数学模型的合理性及应用的可行性.     

Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.     

高浓度DDTs污染土壤机械化学球磨试剂筛选

为了筛选DDTs(包括DDT及其衍生物——DDE、DDD)高污染土壤无害化处理的机械化学球磨试剂,以某退役DDT生产场地高污染土壤为研究对象,将不添加任何球磨试剂处理作为对照,分析添加不同球磨主剂(CaO、CaO₂和Fe粉)、球磨助剂(SiO₂、Al₂O₃)组合以及双金属(Fe-Ni、Fe-Zn)试剂对土壤中DDTs的去除效果. 结果表明:①对照处理下土壤w(DDTs)随球磨时间的延长而不断降低,8 h后降至404.0 mg/kg,仍远超过GB 5085.6—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 毒性物质含量鉴别》标准限值〔w(DDTs)为50 mg/kg〕;单一添加CaO₂处理球磨8 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)仍为118.0 mg/kg;而单一添加CaO和Fe粉处理分别于球磨4和6 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)低于GB 5085.6—2007标准,因此,CaO和Fe粉是较好的DDTs机械化学球磨主剂. ②与单一添加CaO处理相比,在CaO中加入球磨助剂SiO₂或Al₂O₃球磨4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中 w(DDTs)由28.55 mg/kg分别显著降至18.70或17.57 mg/kg,DDTs去除率由99.16%升至99.45%或99.48%. 与单一添加Fe粉处理相比,在Fe粉中加入SiO₂或Al₂O₃球磨4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)由193.0 mg/kg分别显著降至54.25或69.98 mg/kg,虽然仍略超过GB 5085.6—2007标准限值,但却显示出SiO₂或Al₂O₃对机械化学去除土壤DDTs具有显著的促进作用. ③Fe-Ni和Fe-Zn双金属球磨处理4 h后,土壤及球磨剂混合物中w(DDTs)分别为27.00和4.00 mg/kg,DDTs去除率分别达到99.21%和99.88%. 因此,Fe-Zn双金属作为去除土壤DDTs的机械化学球磨试剂,具有潜在的应用前景.