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51.
以苯酚为燃料的微生物燃料电池产电特性 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
选取城市污水处理厂的好氧和厌氧混合污泥作为接种液,构建了双极室微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell, MFC),对以葡萄糖、葡萄糖和苯酚、苯酚为不同燃料的MFC进行了有机物降解和产能效果的研究.试验结果表明,以葡萄糖为单一燃料时MFC的启动时间最短,以苯酚为单一燃料时MFC启动时间最长.MFC在不同燃料来源条件下对苯酚去除率均大于85%,COD去除率超过80%.MFC的连续运行试验结果表明,在1000Ω外电阻条件下,以葡萄糖为单一燃料的MFC运行周期最长,可达400h,最大输出电压为551mV,功率密度为 121 mW·m-2(阳极);以葡萄糖和苯酚为混合燃料的MFC运行周期约200h,最大输出电压为208mV,功率密度为 16mW·m-2(阳极);而以苯酚为单一燃料的MFC运行周期仅约为100h,最大输出电压为121mV,功率密度为 6 mW·m-2(阳极).试验结果最终表明,MFC能够利用苯酚作为燃料,在实现高效降解的同时可稳定地向外输出电能,这为酚类难降解有机物的高效低耗处理提供了新的研究思路. 相似文献
52.
Haiping LUO Bangyu QIN Guangli LIU Renduo ZHANG Yabo TANG Yanping HOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):522
As the bioelectrochemical system, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) were developed to selectively recover Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions from wastewater. The wastewater was treated in the cathode chambers of the system, in which Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions were removed by using the MFC and the MEC, respectively. At an initial Cu2+ concentration of 500 mg·L-1, removal efficiencies of Cu2+ increased from 97.0%±1.8% to 99.0%±0.3% with the initial Ni2+ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.1±0.5 to 5.4±0.6 W·m-3. The Ni2+ removal mass in the MEC increased from 6.8±0.2 to 20.5±1.5 mg with the increase of Ni2+ concentrations. At an initial Ni2+ concentration of 500 mg·L-1, Cu2+ removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1%±0.3% to 74.2%±3.8% with the initial Cu2+ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.0±0.1 to 6.3±1.2 W·m-3. Subsequently, the Ni2+ removal efficiencies decreased from 96.9%±3.1% to 73.3%±5.4%. The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of selective recovery of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from the wastewater using the bioelectrochemical system. 相似文献
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为研究危险废物在锅炉协同处置过程中Pb和Cd的挥发特性,通过共燃烧和消解试验,研究了不同化合物形态下Pb、Cd的挥发率(α)、残留率(r)和表观活化能(E). 结果表明:以硫化物、氯化物、硫酸盐和氧化物存在的Pb、Cd的挥发率与温度(T)和停留时间(t)均呈正相关. 当温度低于950 ℃、停留时间为52 min时,不同化合物形态的Pb、Cd挥发率相差较大,PbCl2在800 ℃下挥发率接近64%,而PbO仅为17%;温度高于1 250 ℃、停留时间为52 min时,不同化合物形态下的Pb、Cd挥发率均大于95%,接近于完全挥发;1 400 ℃时,不同化合物形态的Pb、Cd在燃烧残渣中的残留率均低于0.3%. 结合化学反应动力学理论,对Pb、Cd在锅炉协同处置过程中的挥发特性进行动力学模拟,得到PbS、PbCl2、PbSO4、PbO 中Pb的表观活化能分别为23.64、18.44、65.79、61.35 kJ/mol,CdS、CdCl2、CdSO4、CdO中Cd的表观活化能分别为53.22、20.87、42.42、28.75 kJ/mol. 由表观活化能数据可以得出不同形态化合物的Pb、Cd挥发率随温度和停留时间变化的动力学方程α=f(T,t),并可预测锅炉协同处置危险废物过程中Pb和Cd的挥发率,确定适合锅炉协同处置的危险废物类别. 相似文献
56.
京津冀国家干线公路污染空间特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以国家干线公路交通量信息和单车排放因子为基础,基于GIS的路网线性参考系统,采用动态分段技术和核密度分析方法,从路段、污染物和车型这3个层次对2014年京津冀国家干线公路交通污染排放强度的空间差异进行分析.结果表明,车流量、车型构成和路网布局是引起排放强度空间分布差异的主要因素,排放强度高的路段集中在路网密度大且公路使用率高的京津地区,中小客车和特大货车对污染物排放强度影响显著.因使用燃料和车型的不同,NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)排放强度分布大体一致,HC、CO空间分布更为相似.此外,经济发展水平、产业结构特征也是重要影响因素.北京除特大货车和集装箱以外的其他车型排放强度均很高,天津货车和客车排放强度均较高,河北货车排放强度高于客车. 相似文献
57.
Lin Gu Huaqing Guo Pin Zhou Nanwen Zhu Daofang Zhang Haiping Yuan Ziyang Lou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2043-2053
The disposal of sewage sludge (SS) and reed straw (RS) has becoming a critical issue due to their rapid production. In this study, the SS-based activated carbon (SSC) was produced by introducing the RS as a component material. Properties including BET surface area, pore volume, surface chemical groups, and morphologies were characterized. The adsorption of 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-Acid) and 2-Naphthol (2-Nap), which differs in their physicochemical properties, on as-prepared carbons were investigated. The overall adsorption was found to be jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, and the optimal pH was found to be 5 due to their electrostatic attraction. Further study revealed that the SS- and RS-based carbons (SC and RSC, respectively) exhibited different adsorption behavior toward 1,2,4-Acid and 2-Nap. The calculated adsorption capacity from Langmuir–Freundlich model of SC and RSC for the two intermediates was 141.0, 84.6 mg g-1 and 48.2, 110.2 mg g-1, respectively, whereas their hybrid product (SSC) showed comparable capacity for 1,2,4-Acid (117.8 mg g-1), as well as higher capacity for 2-Nap (157.5 mg g-1). It was found that the presence of meso- or macropores facilitates the precipitation of mineral phases of inorganic substances during carbonization, attracting the molecules with polar functional groups, while the introduction of C-rich RS to SS enhances the adsorption of hydrophobic molecules. 相似文献
58.
Imura Hidefumi 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(4)
Residential water use is gradually becoming the focus in China‘s municipal water supply planning and management in recent years. Little is known, however, about the residential water use in modem China due to the transition of economy and enhancement of management on water conservation. In order to better understand the characteristics of residential water use in North China, a model for identifying the determinants of residential water use was established and analyzed by using panel data and cross-section data methodologies. Then Taiyuan city, the capital city of Shanxi Province in Northern China was selected as a case study. Both the analyses and field investigation indicate that the relatively slow increase of residential water use in recent years may result from the implementation of strict laws and regulations on water conservation. And through the investigation,first-hand information about water consumption pattern, water reuse/conservation, people‘s attitude toward water quantity and quality, etc. have been obtained. 相似文献
59.
微生物燃料电池(MFC)芯片因具有体积小、运行条件温和、产电稳定等优点而有可能成为一种新型的野外水环境监测系统中传感器供能方式.但目前采用纯菌种及贵重金属阳极构建的MFC芯片,不仅成本较高且纯菌种在复杂环境条件下不易存活和保持稳定.因此,本文通过采用混合菌群接种,以活性炭为阳极,构建了阳极体积为50μL的MFC芯片,发现其稳定运行最大输出电流为3.5μA,平均运行周期为8.0 h,最大输出功率约为160 nW,最大功率密度为10.2 mW·m-2.EIS分析结果表明,MFC芯片的总内阻约为35.6 kΩ,其中,阴阳极内阻占主要部分.本研究制备的MFC芯片产电性能达到了同类采用纯菌株及Au作阳极的MFC芯片的性能,表明采用低成本材料为阳极,接种混合菌液的MFC芯片是完全可行的. 相似文献
60.
为了解生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中的二 英在水泥脱氯预处理过程中的迁移特性以及在水泥窑内的热降解特性,依托北京市琉璃河水泥有限公司的生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥窑协同处置示范线,开展了生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的水洗脱氯预处理和水洗后飞灰向水泥窑投加的工程试验研究.结果表明:烘干烟气中和水泥窑窑尾烟气中二 英排放浓度低于GB 30485-2013《水泥窑协同处置固体废物污染控制标准》中所规定的标准限值(以I-TEQ计)为0.1 ng/m3,结晶氯盐中二 英含量(以I-TEQ计)仅为2.8 ng/kg;以每h进入水洗罐的原飞灰中所含二 英量为100%计,经过水洗处理后,99.97%的二 英仍留在脱氯飞灰中,仅有0.08%和0.14%的二 英分别通过烘干废气和结晶盐排出;以每h投入水泥窑窑尾烟室的飞灰所含二 英为100%计,仅有0.82%、0.13%和0.002%的二 英分别随窑灰、熟料、烟气排出,飞灰中的二 英在水泥窑内的消减率达到了99%以上,实现了较为彻底的降解. 相似文献