Applicability of hybrid bionic optimization models with kernel-based extreme learning machine algorithm for predicting daily reference evapotranspiration: a case study in arid and semiarid regions,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The accurate prediction of daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) enables effective management decision-making for agricultural water...     

Application of improved seasonal GM(1,1) model based on HP filter for runoff prediction in Xiangjiang River

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Runoff forecasting is essential for the reasonable use of regional water resources, flood prevention, and mitigation, as well as the development of...     

DSCAM-AS1 promotes cervical carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via sponging miR-338-3p

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Deregulated lncRNA DSCAM-AS1 expression was found in several tumors. However, mechanism and functional role of DSCAM-AS1 in cervical carcinoma remain...     

Disturbed boundaries extraction in coal–grain overlap areas with high groundwater levels using UAV-based visible and multispectral imagery

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With high groundwater levels, coal–grain overlap areas (CGOAs) are vulnerable to subsidence and water logging during mining activities, thereby...     

Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of two novel pesticides on amphibian, Rana N. Hallowell

Imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitro-imidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and RH-5849 [2'-benzoyl-l'-tert-butylbenzoylhydrazinel] are two pesticides used in China since 1992. In the present study we conducted acute toxicity test, micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay of the two pesticides on amphibian, Rana N. Hallowell, a sensitive organism suitable for acting as the bio-indicator of aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. The values of LC50-48 h of imidacloprid were found to be 165 mg l(-1) for tadpoles of Rana limnocharis and 219 mg l(-1) for tadpoles of Rana N. Hallowell. On the other hand, RH-5849 showed no acute toxicity to tadpoles during the 96 h exposure even it was saturated in the test solutions. There were significant differences in the MN frequencies between the negative controls and the treated groups at the dose of 8 mg l(-1) for imidacloprid (p < 0.05) and 40 mg l(-1) for RH-5849 (p < 0.01). Comet assay found significant differences (p < 0.01) in the distributions of DNA damage grades between the negative controls and groups treated in vitro with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg l(-1) of imidacloprid and 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg l(-1) of RH-5849, respectively. DNA damage scores increased with the exposure levels of the two pesticides and dose-effect relationships were observed for both imidacloprid (r2 = 0.92) and RH-5849 (r2 = 0.98). The MN test and comet assay revealed potential adverse effects of the two pesticides on DNA in the erythrocytes of amphibians in aquatic and agricultural ecosystems.     

低浓度Pb2+、Cd2+对鲫鱼肝脏组织中 HSP70诱导的影响

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)作为实验对象,经过40 d Pb2+、Cd2+不同浓度的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting方法检测鱼肝脏组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况.结果表明,在实验浓度下,与对照组相比,Pb2+、Cd2+对鱼肝脏内HSP70有显著的诱导(P＜0.05),但在Cd2+浓度为0.2 mg/L有停止表达HSP70的现象,可能是由于浓度过高造成了组织病理损伤而破坏了诱导表达机制.实验还发现,在实验浓度低于国家渔业用水标准时,HSP70仍然表现为明显诱导(P＜0.05),充分说明运用分子生物学指标要比传统的环境检测指标敏感,具有对污染物早期预警的作用.     

不同共代谢基质下四氯乙烯厌氧生物降解研究

分别用葡萄糖、乳酸盐和醋酸盐作为驯化好的厌氧污泥的共代谢基质 ,对四氯乙烯 ( PCE)的降解进行研究。结果表明 ,PCE是通过还原脱氯发生生物降解的。实验的回归结果表明 ,反应均符合一级动力学方程 ;反应速率常数的大小依次为 k乳酸盐 >k葡萄糖 >k醋酸盐 ;以乳酸盐作为共代谢基质时 ,PCE的降解速率较快 ,在实验条件下乳酸盐是最合适的共代谢基质     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar organic contaminants by oil-contaminated soil

Sorption of nonpolar (phenanthrene and butylate) and polar (atrazine and diuron) organic chemicals to oil-contaminated soil was examined to investigate oil effects on sorption of organic chemicals and to derive oil–water distribution coefficients (K_oil). The resulting oil-contaminated soil–water distribution coefficients (K_d) for phenanthrene demonstrated sorption-enhancing effects at both lower and higher oil concentrations (C_oil) but sorption-reducing (competitive) effects at intermediate C_oil (approximately 1 g kg⁻¹). Rationalization of the different dominant effects was attempted in terms of the relative aliphatic carbon content which determines the accessibility of the aromatic cores to phenanthrene. Little or no competitive effect occurred for butylate because its sorption was dominated by partitioning. For atrazine and diuron, the changes in K_d at C_oil above approximately 1 g kg⁻¹ were negligible, indicating that the presently investigated oil has little or no effect on the two tested compounds even though the polarity of the oil is much less than soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, specific interactions with the active groups (aromatic and polar domains) are dominantly responsible for the sorption of polar sorbates, and thus their sorption is controlled by available sorption sites. This study showed that the oil has the potential to be a dominant sorptive phase for nonpolar pollutants when compared to SOM, but hardly so for polar compounds. The results may aid in a better understanding of the role of the aliphatic and aromatic domains in sorption of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants.     

Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model

Along with the increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of exposure to these newly designed materials. Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment is a basic need. The present study aims to investigate the distribution and fate of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic system model which consists of sediments, water, hornworts, fish and snails, using a radiotracer technique. Concentrations of ceria in the samples at regular time intervals were measured. Ceria nanoparticles were readily removed from the water column and partitioned between different organisms. Both snail and fish have fast absorption and clearance abilities. Hornwort has the highest bioaccumulation factors. At the end of the experiment, sediments accumulated most of the nanoparticles with a recovery of 75.7 ± 27.3% of total ceria nanoparticles, suggesting that sediments are major sinks of ceria nanoparticles.     

Simulation of global warming potential (GWP) from rice fields in the Tai-Lake region,China by coupling 1:50,000 soil database with DNDC model

Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wetland ecosystems is a relatively new issue in global climate change studies. China has approximately 22% of the world's rice paddies and 38% of the world's rice production, which are crucial to accurately estimate the global warming potential (GWP) at regional scale. This paper reports an application of a biogeochemical model (DeNitrification and DeComposition or DNDC) for quantifying GWP from rice fields in the Tai-Lake region of China. For this application, DNDC is linked to a 1:50,000 soil database, which was derived from 1107 paddy soil profiles compiled during the Second National Soil Survey of China in the 1980–1990s. The simulated results show that the 2.34 Mha of paddy soil cultivated in rice–wheat rotation in the Tai-Lake region emitted about ?1.48 Tg C, 0.84 Tg N and 5.67 Tg C as CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ respectively, with a cumulative GWP of 565 Tg CO₂ equivalent from 1982 to 2000. As for soil subgroups, the highest GWP (26,900 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1) was linked to gleyed paddy soils accounting for about 4.4% of the total area of paddy soils. The lowest GWP (5370 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1) was associated with submergenic paddy soils accounting for about 0.32% of the total area of paddy soils. The most common soil in the area was hydromorphic paddy soils, which accounted for about 53% of the total area of paddy soils with a GWP of 12,300 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1. On a regional basis, the annual averaged GWP in the polder, Tai-Lake plain, and alluvial plain soil regions was distinctly higher than that in the low mountainous and Hilly soil regions. As for administrative areas, the average annual GWP of counties in Shanghai city was high. Conversely, the average annual GWP of counties in Jiangsu province was low. The high variability in soil properties throughout the Tai-Lake region is important and affects the net greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the use of detailed soil data sets with high-resolution digital soil maps is essential to improve the accuracy of GWP estimates with process-based models at regional and national scales.