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91.
炼油污水处理技术进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了我国炼油污水的特点及处理现状,介绍了目前应用比较广泛的几种炼油污水处理方法及研究进展. 相似文献
92.
Jin Xu Can Cui Haiyang Feng Daming You Haixia Wang Bo Li 《Environmental Forensics》2019,20(2):196-209
Marine oil spills affect the environment, economy, and quality of life for coastal inhabitants. This article presents a method of X-band marine radar oil-spill identification by considering the marine radar images of the 2010 Dalian 7-16 accident. The Prewitt operator was improved and a linear interpolation was proposed to suppress co-channel interferences. In addition, a model of a gray-intensity-correcting matrix is proposed to smooth a whole image, thus displaying the oil film more intuitively. Furthermore, a contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization method was used to increase the contrast inside and outside the oil film. Moreover, the local adaptive thresholding method was improved to segment the oil spills. The results show that the proposed method is an improvement on similar previous approaches for this task when employing X-band marine radar images. The proposed method can provide technical and theoretical bases for emergency response, damage assessment, and liability identification of oil spills. 相似文献
93.
为了对市售被动式室内空气净化产品的净化效果有深刻具体的认识,选择销售份额较大的4种甲醛清除剂进行实验舱测试。结果表明:(1)甲醛清除剂对甲醛的净化过程均随时间呈对数衰减,可见甲醛浓度越高,甲醛清除剂对甲醛的净化速率越快。(2)不同的甲醛清除剂的净化速率都有一定差异,即使24h净化率均在90%以上的甲醛清除剂,净化速率也不同,净化率达到90%以上所需要的实际时间可相差数倍。(3)《室内空气净化功能涂覆材料净化性能》(JCT 1074—2008)中对甲醛清除剂根据其对污染物24h的净化率进行了分级,消费者可据此对净化产品的优劣有初步判断。而净化速率和饱和净化量则可在消费者购买甲醛清除剂时起到更具体和明确的指导作用,并可在消费者具体使用时,根据饱和净化量,对甲醛清除剂用量和甲醛清除剂持续作用时间有初步的判断。 相似文献
94.
Pollution of hazardous elements in roof runoff has been a potential danger to aquatic ecosystem as documented in previous studies. In this study, concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in roof runoff were measured for short-term rainfall events. The concentrations of the selected elements varied to a high degree during the rainfall period, and the well-known first-flush phenomenon was not observed due to the short-term rainfall patterns. Based on event mean concentrations (EMCs) and fluxes, the elemental pollution may be ranked as Zn >> Pb > As > Cd. The average levels of Pb and Zn exceeded the fourth class value and fifth class value of the environmental quality standards for surface water in China. The relative high pollution could be caused by atmospheric deposition and the erosion of crust steel appurtenance installed above the rooftop. Furthermore, elements in particulate form dominated the roof runoff pollution, and the ratios of elements in particulate form to total amounts were 0.6 (As), 0.9 (Pb), 0.7 (Cd), and 0.5 (Zn). This study cleared the pollution characteristics of hazardous elements in short-term storm water roof runoff; it was useful for the selection of best management practices. 相似文献
95.
Changhong Chen Yarong Peng Hongli Wang Qian Wang Shengao Jing Jingyu An Yaqin Gao Cheng Huang Rusha Yan Haixia Dai Tiantao Cheng Qiang Zhang Meng Li Jianlin Hu Zhihao Shi Li Li Shengrong Lou Shikang Tao Qinyao Hu Jun Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):794-805
Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region. 相似文献
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98.
为改善Fenton反应的氧化效率,选择杂多酸为活化剂,建立了一种新的光催化体系。在光化学反应器中,以紫外灯为光源,以磷钨酸为光催化助剂,研究了UV/Fenton/杂多酸体系对曙红Y模拟染料废水的光催化降解的影响,并就杂多酸辅助光催化降解染料的机理,影响染料光催化降解速率的因素,提高染料光催化降解效率的途径进行了初步探讨。结果表明,溶液中H2O2投加量、Fe2+浓度、溶液pH值是影响催化光解效果的重要因素。实验得出反应的适宜条件是:pH为5~6,30%H2O2的投加量为2 mL,FeSO4的剂量约为0.02 g/L。 相似文献
99.
根据上海市新一轮环保三年行动计划(2006~2008年)要求,上海将在未来3年中完成全市11家电厂的35台约6508MW燃煤发电机组的烟气脱硫工程,这同时将产生大量的烟气脱硫副产品——脱硫石膏,处置和利用好脱硫石膏,对上海市的生态环境保护有着重要的意义。阐述了燃煤电厂烟气脱硫石膏的特性和国内外脱硫石膏的利用现状。结合上海实际,对烟气脱硫石膏在建筑建材业.农业等领域的应用前景进行了分析。指出烟气脱硫石膏的资源化利用符合循环经济理念,并能产生良好的环境、社会和经济效益。提出了烟气脱硫石膏的利用建议。 相似文献
100.
灰色关联分析是一种高效的不确定性复杂系统评价方法,具有对数据要求低且计算量小,便于广泛应用的特点,适用于河流水生态健康评价。基于水生态健康内涵和辽河保护区河流实际情况,构建了由河流自然形态状况、水质状况、底质状况、水生生物及生态环境状况四大类共20个指标组成的河流水生态健康评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定权重,结合灰色关联分析法对辽河保护区水生态健康状况进行评价。结果表明:辽河保护区河流水生态健康状况总体为中等,其中自然形态状况灰色关联度为0.868 4,健康等级为中等;水质状况灰色关联度为0.691 2,健康等级为中等;底质状况灰色关联度为0.968 6,健康等级为优秀;水生生物及生态环境状况灰色关联度为0.750 4,健康等级为中等。20个指标中,河床稳定性、河道弯曲程度、化学需氧量、总磷浓度、鱼类多样性指数和着生藻类多样性指数的评价结果为中等,总氮浓度为病态。自2010年辽河保护区划定以来,其河流底质中重金属污染得到较大改善,但仍存在河床稳定性差、水质污染、鱼类多样性和着生藻类多样性指数较低等问题。 相似文献