Unique zinc mass in mandibles separates drywood termites from other groups of termites

Previously, the presence of metals in arthropod mandibles has been linked with harder cuticle, and in termites, a 20% increase in hardness has been found for mandibles containing major quantities of zinc. The current study utilises electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis to assess incidence and abundance of metals in all extant subfamilies of the Isoptera. The basal clades contain no zinc and little to no manganese in the cutting edge of the mandible cuticle, suggesting that these states are ancestral for termites. However, experimentation with mandibles in vitro indicates the presence of some elements of the cuticular biochemistry necessary to enable uptake of zinc. The Termopsidae, Serritermitidae, Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae all contain minor quantities of manganese, while trace to minor quantities of zinc occur in all except the Serritermitidae. In contrast, all Kalotermitidae or drywood termites contain major levels of zinc in the mandible edge. Diet and life type are explored as links to metal profiles across the termites. The presence of harder mandibles in the drywood termites may be related to lack of access to free water with which to moisten wood. Scratch tests were applied to a set of mandibles. The coefficient of friction for Cryptotermes primus (Kalotermitidae) mandibles, when compared with species from other subfamilies, indicates that zinc-containing mandibles are likely to be more scratch resistant.     

考虑非线性吸附时溶质在有限厚度粘土中的一维扩散解

在采用非线性分段式吸附等温模式的基础上,建立了溶质在粘土中的一维扩散模型,在考虑有限厚度边界及土中溶质背景浓度的条件下得到了相应的解.模型引入了移动边界以说明当溶质在粘土孔隙水中的浓度达到某一较高值后,阻滞因子将发生显著变化.算例分析表明,该模型和考虑经典非线性吸附等温线得到的结果相差不大,这进一步说明了该模型的合理性.考虑非线性吸附效应对溶质迁移有重要影响.在较高溶质浓度下采用线性吸附等温模式会得到偏不安全的结果.该解相对较简单,并可用于验证各种数值模型、拟合试验数据等.     

Effects of glucose on the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 by yeast isolates

The cometabolic roles of glucose were investigated in decolorization of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5, by yeast isolates, Debaryomyces polymorphus and Candida tropicalis. The results indicated that the dye degradation by the two yeasts was highly associated with the yeast growth process and glucose presence in the medium. Color removal of 200 mg dye/L was increased from 76.4% to 92.7% within 60 h to 100% within 18-24 h with the increase of glucose from 5 to 10 g/L, although the activity of manganese dependent peroxidase （MnP） decreased by 2-8 times in this case. Hydrogen peroxide of 233.3 μg/L was detected in 6 h in D. polymorphus culture. The cometabolic functions of glucose and hydrogen peroxide could be also confirmed by the further color removals of 95.8% or 78,9% in the second cycle of decolorization tests in which 7 g glucose/L or 250 μg H202/L was superadded respectively together with 200 mg dye/L.     

Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

浅析生态塘系统在污水处理中的应用

根据目前污水处理的迫切性和必要性,主要介绍了生态塘处理系统的原理,工程实践中常见的典型工艺流程,工艺特点及优点,并结合山东东营市的污水生态处理工程运行实践,分析了其运行效果、可靠性及经济性。     

风险评价在危险化学品从业单位安全标准化中的应用

通过确定评价准则、评价范围与目标、危害辨识、风险评价等内容,阐述了风险评价在安全标准化中的应用情况,并结合实际,指出了目前危险化学品从业单位在具体实施“风险管理”要素时存在的一些问题,并提出应注意的事项。     

长江口中华鲟保护区及临近水域大型底栖动物研究

根据2004年5月、8月、11月和2005年2月(Ⅰ年度)及2005年8月、11月和2006年2月、5月(Ⅱ年度)共2个水文年对T长江口中华鲟保护区水域(30°15′～31°45′N、121°30′～122°15′E)15个取样站8个航次的采泥样品和阿氏网样品,对底内动物和底上动物的种类组成、生物量、栖息密度、重要种的优势度、群落多样性和结构及时间空间动态变化进行分析.结果表明,底内动物共出现15种,种类组成贫乏,优势种变化明显,底内动物生物量和栖息密度平均值分别为1.44 g/m2和11.33个/m2,生物量和栖息密度总体呈现下降趋势,物种多样性指数低并有下降趋势,群落结构极不稳定;底上动物底栖动物59种,组成有明显季节和年度变化,底内动物生物量和栖息密度平均值分别为15.58 ×10-2g/m2和6.81×10-2个/m2;底上动物生物量和栖息密度略呈现下降趋势,优势种的种类及优势度年际有较大变化,种类数和生物量北支高于南支.底内动物2个年度生物量平均值季节变化为夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季,底上动物2个年度生物量平均值季节变化为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季,底内动物与底上动物的季节变化具有一定的不平衡性.     

高级氧化技术治理钻井废水的研究

以油气田现场钻井废水为研究对象,对经过物理化学脱稳、机械分离后的废水进行O3预氧化-中间混凝-O3/H2O2深度氧化工艺.着重考察了该工艺中的体系pH值、O3/H2O2的加量比例、反应时间等工艺条件.找出了最佳的条件,在最佳条件下的出水CODcr为142 mg/L,去除率高达96.7%,已达到国家二级排放标准.     

KTV、慢摇吧等娱乐场所噪声治理方法研究

近年来,随着KTV,慢摇吧等娱乐场所的增加,娱乐场所带来的噪声扰民问题也日益突出。由于业主、施工单位等缺乏隔声降噪的专业知识,使得这一问题没有很好解决。本文通过对这类噪声的特性分析,根据其具有低频为主、穿透力强、不易衰减等特点,结合工程实例,从提高顶棚、侧墙的隔声量,结构上多采用弹性连接及增加阻尼等角度提出几点治理方法。以隔声、隔振为主,控制这类噪声通过空气传声与固体传声等途径向周围居民区传播。     

湖南省雷电特征及闪电数据分析

湖南是雷暴多发区,雷暴分布是南多北少,西多东少。近35年地面雷暴观测数据显示,全省年平均雷暴数呈下降趋势。湖南闪电以负地闪为主,占总地闪的94．59％,平均闪电强度随着海拔高度的增加而加大,长沙、韶山为闪电强度低值中心。一天中13～20时是闪电高发期,正地闪的平均能量要大于负地闪。