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271.
我国柴油车的快速增长给我国柴油车污染治理带来了极大的压力,柴油车黑碳排放的研究有益于对空气质量、人体健康和气候变化采取积极的措施。研究表明,从2010年到2013年,我国柴油车增长了23%,柴油类汽车保有量约增长了约43.3%;而我国柴油车的黑碳排放量出现先增后减的趋势,2013年我国柴油机动车的黑碳排放量约为33.33万吨,比2012年减少了2.8%;河南、河北、山东、广东和内蒙五个省(自治区)柴油机动车的黑碳排放约占全国黑碳排放的37.3%。研究结果初步显示了我国柴油车污染控制的效果。 相似文献
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分离筛选出3株新的高效锰氧化菌,通过谱系鉴定分别命名为Acidovorax facilis WHW-1(敏捷嗜酸菌)、Acinetobacter bereziniae WHW-2 (别雷斯不动杆菌)和Pantoea dispersa WHW-3(分散泛菌),系统研究了3株菌的锰氧化能力及其原位诱导形成的生物锰氧化物(BMO)特性,以及不同初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度、As(Ⅲ)浓度等因素对 BMO去除As(Ⅲ)的效果与机制。结果表明:1)当细菌接种比为2%,体系初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度为65 mg/L时,3株锰氧化菌的生长情况良好,WHW-1、WHW-2和WHW-3在培养2周后,诱导产生的 BMO浓度分别达到0.95,0.76,0.53 mg/L;2)当细菌接种比为2%、体系初始Mn(Ⅱ)浓度分别为15,40,65,100 mg/L时,3种细菌诱导形成的BMO在一定范围内随着Mn(Ⅱ)浓度的升高而升高,但Mn(Ⅱ)浓度过高会抑制BMO形成;3)当细菌接种比为2%,Mn(Ⅱ)浓度为65 mg/L,As(Ⅲ)浓度为1~5 mg/L时,原位形成的 BMO对As(Ⅲ)的去除效率均在97%以上,微观分析表明:3种细菌对As(Ⅲ)的去除以吸附作用和铁锰氧化物共沉淀为主。综上可知,筛选出的3株锰氧化菌能够应用于砷污染水环境的修复。 相似文献
275.
结合国内外对放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的研究成果,分析放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的基本特性,运用比较分析法,全面分析物权分类及相应权利特性。以土地为划分依据,探讨放射性废物处置场邻避效应的法律属性,提出放射性废物处置场邻避冲突属地役权滥用的法律实质的观点。结果表明:在确认放射性废物处置场邻避问题的地役权法律属性之后,可以通过司法程序来解决邻避问题,确保放射性废物处置场及相邻土地物权的合法行使及不被滥用。从法律层面提出应对邻避问题的策略,并结合我国放射性废物处置场现状,初步探讨对我国放射性废物处置场选址的启示。 相似文献
276.
本文概述了沈阳市恶臭控制标准的制定原则、方法和程序,重点阐述了标准有关要素的础定方法,给出了恶臭厂界环境标准和恶臭排放标准的感官指标控制值和五种典型恶臭物质浓度(或排放量)指标控制值. 相似文献
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钢铁企业综合污水经污水厂处理后作为循环冷却水系统的补充水,是解决新水用量大问题和减少外排水的有效途径之一。以首钢污水处理厂出水和除盐水的混合水(TDS分别为700 mg/L和500 mg/L)为动态模拟系统补充水,采用药剂控制方法,年污垢沉积率14.63~18.09 mg/(cm2.月),腐蚀速率小于0.03 mm/a,循环水的费用为0.0174元/t,可以实现安全回用。 相似文献
279.
Yinghui Jiang Guoyu Yin Lijun Hou Min Liu Yanling Zheng Ping Han Dongsheng Zheng Cheng Chen Maotian Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):376-386
Marine aquaculture in semi-enclosed bays can significantly influence nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, the impact of marine aquaculture on the dynamics of dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (DNRPs) and the fate of reactive nitrogen remain poorly understood. In this study, the rates of DNRPs and the abundances of related functional genes were investigated in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. The results showed that marine aquaculture significantly increased the denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates and decreased the rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANA), as compared with non-aquaculture sites. DNF was the dominant pathway contributing to the total nitrate reduction, and its contribution to the total nitrate reduction significantly increased from 66.72% at non-aquaculture sites to 78.50% at aquaculture sites. Marine aquaculture can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and the abundances of related functional genes, leading to variations in the nitrate reduction rates. Although nitrate removal rates increased in the marine aquaculture area, ammonification rates and the nitrogen retention index in the aquaculture areas were 2.19 and 1.24 times, respectively, higher than those at non-aquaculture sites. Net reactive nitrogen retention exceeded nitrogen removal in the aquaculture area, and the retained reactive nitrogen could diffuse with the tidal current to the entire bay, thereby aggravating N pollution in the entire study area. These results show that marine aquaculture is the dominant source of nitrogen pollution in semi-enclosed bays. This study can provide insights into nitrogen pollution control in semi-enclosed bays with well-developed marine aquaculture. 相似文献
280.
Black carbon (BC) is a promising sediment amendment, as proven by its considerable adsorption capacity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and accessibility, but its reliability when used for the removal of pollutants in natural sediments still needs to be evaluated. For example, the ageing process, resulting in changing of surface physicochemical properties of BC, will decrease the adsorption capacity and performance of BC when applied to sediment pollution control. In this study, how the ageing process and BC proportion affect the adsorption capacity of BC-sediment systems was modelled and quantitatively investigated to predict their adsorption capacity under different ageing times and BC additions. The results showed that the ageing process decreased the adsorption capacity of both BC-sediment systems, due to the blockage of the non-linear adsorption sites of BC. The adsorption capacity of rice straw black carbon (RC)-sediment systems was higher than that of fly ash black carbon (FC)-sediment systems, indicating that RC is more efficient than FC for nonylphenol (NP) pollution control in sediment. The newly established model for the prediction of adsorption capacity fits the experimental data appropriately and yields acceptable predictions, especially when based on parameters from the Freundlich model. However, to fully reflect the influence of the ageing process on BC-sediment systems and make more precise predictions, it is recommended that future work considering more factors and conditions, such as modelling of the correlation between the adsorption capacity and the pore volume or specific surface area of BC, be applied to build an accurate and sound model. 相似文献