水体溶解性有机物的化学分级表征:原理与方法

综述了水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的化学分级表征法即树脂吸附分级法(RA)的研究与进展,同时基于该方法存在的一些问题结合我国典型水质体系,从树脂的选择、净化、分级的定义、水样过柱流速、水样树脂体积比的确定等方面进行了研究探讨,给出了完整的实验参数和操作方法.     

我经历的松潘-平武地震

1976年8月16日和23日,四川松潘平武地区连续发生了两次Ms7．2的强烈地震。作为地震监测人员,我参加了这次地震前后的一些工作。在松潘一平武地震30周年之际,将当时参加地震监测时的所见所闻再现,以示纪念。     

剩余活性污泥好气消化中TTC-DHA与其它活性参数的相关性

本文以剩余污泥为材料,对好气消化污泥中TTC-DHA 与其它活性参数之间以及后者彼此间的相关性问题进行了分析与探讨,结果表明,不但TTC-DHA与OUR、MPN、MLSS之间显著相关,其相关系数分别为0.952(=22)、0.889(n=19)、0.778(n=19),而且OUR、MPN、MLSS 间彼此也显著相关,对于MLSS而言,无论是相关性还是检测灵敏度,TTC-DHA均优于OUR.本文认为,TTC-DHA将是剩余污泥好气消化研究和运行控制中一种有效的活性参数,它还能被用于估计好气消化污泥中非降解性MLSS的浓度。     

液上空间气相色谱法测定水中硝基氯苯

本文建立了水中(邻、间、对)硝基氯苯类有机化合物的液上空间气相色谱测定方法。本方法的特点是:操作简便、分析快速、灵敏、干扰少,适用范围广。在气液体积比为1∶2,平衡温度为40℃,液上气体总压力为1.3atm的气液相平衡条件下,硝基氯苯异构体的最低检出浓度均低于1.0μg/L(进1ml液上气体),检测上限浓度可达14mg/L(进5μl液上气体),变异系数小于5.6％,可用于各种环境水体中硝基氯苯类有机化合物的测定。     

中国2000年水环境污染直接经济损失与治理费用估算

本文以我国部分省、市、地区的有关数据为样本,对水体污染负荷量及水污染造成的直接经济损失进行了统计分析,提出了估算我国水环境污染造成直接经济损失的数学模型,并按目前发展趋势估算了我国到公元2000年时水环境污染对能造成的直接经济损失。初步估算结果表明,如不采取有力措施控制污染物排放,在1986年至2000年的15年中,全国水环境污染造成的直接经济损失将达到2735亿元。 本文还以我国数百套污水处理装置的调查结果为依据,给出了较为简单的污水处理费用函数,并估算了我国公元2000年前不同时期、不同目标的污水治理费用。      

大气气溶胶与降水相互影响的探讨

本文从大气气溶胶的物理和化学特性及其缓冲能力探讨了气溶胶和降水的相互影响,初步弄清了气溶胶与降水的相互关系。通过气溶胶缓冲能力的分析,认识到降水冲刷气溶胶时,气溶胶在酸性降水中所起的作用,从一个侧面初步确认了气溶胶在酸雨形成过程中的作用。      

不同利用方式对江西省农田土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响

根据江西省2013年采集的16582个农田耕层(0～20 cm)土壤样点数据,运用实地调查、经典统计学与地统计学等相结合方法,研究了江西省耕地土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的空间变异性及不同农田利用方式对其的影响.研究结果表明:江西省耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)平均含量分别为17.90、1.58和0.52 g·kg~(-1),土壤碳氮比(C∶N)、碳磷比(C∶P)和氮磷比(N∶P)平均值分别为11.72、38.29和3.38,土壤C∶N∶P比平均值为34.44∶3.03∶1,说明P是江西省耕地土壤主要的限制因素.此外,由于碳、氮、磷三者之间并不存在显著的两两相关性,表明江西省耕地土壤中不存在稳定的"Redfield ratio";半方差函数表明,江西省土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征具有中等程度的空间变异性,其空间变异特征主要受到随机性因素的影响;经ANOVA检验显示,不同农田利用方式对土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征影响显著(p0.05),土壤SOC和TN平均含量依次表现为:两季水田水旱轮作一季水田一季旱地两季旱地,土壤TP平均含量依次表现为:两季旱地两季水田一季水田一季旱地水旱轮作,土壤C∶N依次表现为:两季水田两季旱地一季水田水旱轮作一季旱地,土壤C∶P平均值依次表现为:水旱轮作两季水田一季水田一季旱地两季旱地,土壤N∶P平均值依次表现为:水旱轮作一季旱地两季水田一季水田两季旱地.总体而言,土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量比的变化特征是农田利用方式和环境因子综合作用的结果,土壤C∶N∶P比对土壤碳、氮、磷储量及养分的限制性具有重要的指示作用.     

Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction with work–family balance: A moderating role of perceived insider status

This study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate how family‐supportive paid leave and supervision affect employees' satisfaction with work–family balance and in turn their affective organizational commitment and supervisor‐directed organizational citizenship behavior depending on their perceived insider status in the organization. Our analysis of data collected from 118 employee–supervisor dyads in Korean organizations revealed that satisfaction with work–family balance mediated the linkages from family‐supportive supervision to affective organizational commitment and supervisor‐directed organizational citizenship behavior, and the linkage from family‐supportive paid leave to affective organizational commitment. Results further showed that the entire mediational process for family‐supportive supervision was more pronounced for those who perceived themselves to be an insider of their organizations, while the same pattern was not found for the meditational process related to family‐supportive paid leave. Our findings provide theoretical implications for work–family balance research and offer practical suggestions to make employees satisfied with work–family balance.     

Application of different single extraction procedures for assessing the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soils from overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources

Heavy metal(loid) extraction from soils in overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources (OAFCR) is crucial in understanding heavy metal bioavailability in soil and the subsequent risks to crops and consumers. However, limited attention has been paid to the extraction procedure of heavy metal(loid)s in OAFCR soils in the research. This study therefore explored different single and mixed extraction procedures, such as acetic acid (HOAc), citric acid, ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid + ammonium acetate (EDTA+NH₄OAc), and total digestion (HNO₃-HClO₄-HF) to determine the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in OAFCR soil in Xuzhou, China. The results showed the metal(loid) extraction capacity from soil of the different procedures could be ranked as AB-DTPA > EDTA+NH₄OAc > HOA_C > citric acid. The transfer ability of heavy metal(loid)s from soil to wheat tissues and from wheat roots to aerial parts was analyzed by calculating the bioconcentration factor and transfer factor, respectively. Transfer factors of all metal(loid)s were < 1 except Cr whose transfer factor from root to shell and straw were > 1. It is suspected that foliar uptake plays a dominant role in Cr uptake. Correlation analysis between the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and uptake in respective wheat tissues was performed to recommend the best extraction procedures for different studies. The results show that AB-DTPA extraction is recommended for Cu uptake to wheat roots, straws, shells and grains, Zn uptake to roots, and Cd uptake to roots and straws.

     

Enhanced nitrogen removal of coal pyrolysis wastewater with low COD to nitrogen ratio by partial nitrification-denitrification bioprocess assisted with polycaprolactone

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enhancement of polycaprolactone (PCL) on total nitrogen (TN) removal of coal pyrolysis wastewater (CPW) with low COD to nitrogen ratio by partial nitrification-denitrification bioprocess (PNDB) in one single reactor. With the innovative combination of PCL and PNDB, the TN removal efficiency in the experimental reactor (signed as R1) was 10.21% higher than control reactor (R2). Nitrite accumulation percentage (NAP) in R1 was 82.02%, which was 17.49% higher than R2 at the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.9–1.5 mg/L, for the reason that the extra DO was consumed by PCL biodegradation at the aerobic period. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results demonstrated that organics with the molecular weight of 185 Da, which could serve as additional carbon sources for denitrifiers, were generated during the PCL hydrolysis process at the anoxic period. PCL was hydrolyzed by extracellular enzymes with the break of the ester bond which was confirmed by FT-IR spectrometer. Microbial community analysis revealed that Ferruginibacter was the dominant hydrolysis bacteria in R1. Nitrosomonas were the main ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Hyphomicrobium were the denitrifiers in this study.