Solubilization of substituted indole compounds by beta-cyclodextrin in water

The solubilization of four pairs of substituted indole compounds (SICs) by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in water was investigated. The results show that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD, while the other six SICs form 1:2 inclusion complexes, respectively. To each pair of SICs with similar structures, the differences between their solubilization in β-CD/water solutions has been explained by the difference of their contact area within the β-CD cavity, the difference of their molecule polarity, or the presence of hydrogen bond between SIC molecule and β-CD molecule.     

Relationship between copper speciation in sediments and bioaccumulation by marine bivalves of Taiwan

This paper evaluates the relationships between copper species in sediments and accumulation by the purple clam (Hiatula diphos) and venus clam (Gomphina aeguilatera) collected from the field and culture (aquaculture) ponds in the polluted coastal area of Lukang, Taiwan. Sediment was sampled along with the molluscs, including oysters (Crassostrea gigas), purple clams (Hiatula diphos), rock-shells (Thais clavigera), venus clams (Gomphina aeguilatera), and hard clams (Meretrix lusoria), from two unique environments of Lukang during the period from August 1993 to July 1994. The data indicate that the total copper concentrations in sediments from culture ponds (185 microg g(-1)) was higher than those of the field (44.0 microg g(-1)). Copper species in sediments were analyzed by a sequential leaching technique. Results show that concentrations of various copper species in the sediments are in the range of 1.14 +/- 0.59 to 13.2 +/- 22.4 microg g(-1) and 0.36 +/- 0.24 to 133 +/- 36.7 microg g(-1) for the two environments, respectively. Also the exchangeable copper in sediment from culture ponds was 15 times higher than that from the field. In addition, the sum of exchangeable and copper carbonates had the highest percentages of copper in both the pond sediment (86.6 %) and the field sediment (50.7 %). Maximum copper concentrations (309 +/- 35.1 microg g(-1)) in oysters were much higher than those in the other benthic organisms by about 4-127 times. Similarly, the data also showed that copper concentrations in Thais clavigera were 12-32 times higher than those in other benthic organisms. Copper concentrations in various benthic organisms differed significantly (p < 0.05) from that in Thais clavigera. This capacity makes Thais clavigera a potential candidate for monitoring copper in marine sediments. In terms of copper species, the best correlation was generally obtained between copper carbonates in sediments and copper concentrations in Hiatula diphos (r = 0.886*). A strong multiple regression correlation (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.7894) also indicates that the copper carbonates may dominate as the available form of copper to Hiatula diphos from various environments in the Lukang coastal area under natural physicochemical conditions.     

砷形态分析方法研究进展

本文从分离和测定两个方面对砷形态分析方法的发展情况作了评述，引用有关文献７７篇。     

Cyst-based toxicity tests XVI--sensitivity comparison of the solid phase Heterocypris incongruens microbiotest with the Hyalella azteca and Chironomus riparius contact assays on freshwater sediments from Peninsula Harbour (Ontario,Canada)

In view of the complexity and costs of "traditional" whole sediment assays, a "culture/maintenance free" direct contact microbiotest has been developed with the freshwater ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. The new Toxkit assay (named Ostracodtoxkit) has been applied to 33 sediment samples from Peninsula Harbour, located in Lake Superior of the Great Lakes water basin in Ontario, Canada. The microbiotest was applied in parallel to direct contact tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge larva Chironomus riparius, to compare its relative sensitivity with that of the two "conventional" assays. The study was undertaken in the framework of remediation action plans for specific areas of concern, to enable decision making by the Canadian authorities for the restoration of impacted aquatic environments. Most sediments were found non-toxic (<20% mortality) to both the conventional test species and the ostracod. For the large majority of samples, a very good correspondence was found between the two crustacean test species for the intensity of the toxic signal "mortality", as reflected by a 0.71 (p<0.05) correlation coefficient. Growth inhibition, which is determined in the ostracod microbiotest as a sublethal effect criterion, allowed the earmarking of some sediment samples, which were apparently more toxic for the amphipod than to the ostracod. For 20% of the samples, substantially higher mortality scores were noted with the ostracod assay than with the midge larvae tests and the overall correlation coefficient between these two tests was lower (r=0.60,p<0.05). The results obtained in the present study corroborate those of previous research on sediments collected from various rivers in Flanders, Belgium, and confirm the potential of the new ostracod microbiotest as a reliable and sensitive low cost alternative for traditional whole sediment assays.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in a three-phase fluidized bed reactor

The photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange under weak illumination conditions was carried out in two different types of fluidized bed reactors. TiO2 powder was employed as the photocatalysts and a 15 W low pressure mercury lamp was used as the light source and the reactor volume was 2.5 l. The parametric study of photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in two different types of fluidized beds was investigated; effect of catalyst loadings, pH, air flow rate, initial concentration and oxygen concentration on the oxidation reaction rate. The experimental results were analyzed in conjunction with the characteristics of fluidized bed and the reactor geometry effect on the reaction rate was analyzed.     

西安地区旅游景点水体卫生细菌学调查及保护对策

以粪大肠菌和异养细菌总数做指标，对西安地区旅游景点水体的卫生细菌学状况进行了调查。结果表明，西安市区内旅游景点的人工湖、天然湖等大都受到不同程度的污染，而离市区较远、海拔较高的旅游景点则污染较轻。     

Space-time modeling for the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey

The Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey (MTHS) is a postseason mail survey conducted by the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1996 MTHS provides information concerning the number of turkeys harvested by hunters on each day and the total number of trips made to the counties by these hunters on each day of the hunting season. The success rates are then found from this information. Small sample sizes produce large standard errors for the estimates at the county level. We use a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate daily hunting success rates at the county level. The model includes an autoregressive process for the days of the hunting season and spatially correlated random geographic effects. The computations are performed using Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. Results show that there are significant spatial corelations between counties and correlations between days of the hunting season. The estimates are close to the frequency estimates at the state level and much more stable at the county level.     

荷电超滤膜的研究——Ⅱ.季铵化聚砜超滤膜的研究

将氯甲基化聚砜(CMPS)超滤膜浸泡于三甲胺水溶液中制得季铵化聚砜(QMPS)超滤膜。本文就一些反应条件对季铵化聚砜超滤膜性能的影响进行了探讨,同时对季铵化聚砜超滤膜和氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜的形态结构作了对比,并研究了它们的亲水性能和电性能等方面的差异。     

苯系物Lewis酸碱性定量及其应用

本文以正丁醚／水和环己烷／水分配系数的对数差值Ａ作为酸性指数，以氯仿／水和四氯化碳／水分配系数的对数差值Ｂ作为碱性指数来度量苯系物的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸碱性，阐明Ａ、Ｂ两指数的物理意义，并表征其相互作用的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸、碱间的分子作用力的大小，定量分析其与Ｋａｍｌｅｔ等人提出了溶剂化显色参数π，α，β间的关系，研究了各种分子间的对酸，碱性的相对贡献，氢键的贡献是主要的，其次是偶极作用的贡献，色散力引起的贡献     

Subpopulations of the Hawaiian striped mullet Mugil cephalus: analysis of variations of nuclear eye-lens protein electropherograms and nuclear eye-lens weights

The method of electrophoretic separation of nuclear eye-lens proteins was applied to a study of the population structure of the striped mullet Mugil cephalus L. in Hawaii. Electropherograms produced 5 pattern types, with most variations due to non-developmental genetic polymorphism. Some variations, however, were associated with size, and an ontogenetic basis was considered. The frequencies of the pattern types were significantly (p<0.005) independent among the three geographical subpopulations examined: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu; Diamond Head, Oahu; and Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii. Growth rates of mullet eye-lens nuclei demonstrated significant (p<0.05) differences between sexes and localities, except for Kaneohe Bay males versus Diamond Head males, which were nearly significant (p 0.075). These variations in eye-lens nuclei growth rates are probably regulated by genetic factors. Nearly complete genetic isolation is evident for the three subpopulations of mullet in the Hawaiian Islands. The occurrence of genetic interchange in apparently less frequent between the Oahu and Hawaii populations than between the two Oahu populations, in accordance with their respective geographical distances.Oceanic Institute Contribution No. 72.