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Hans G. Wallraff 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1988,75(8):380-392
Pigeon homing, investigated as a paradigmatic example of bird navigation, appears to be based on two mechanisms of orientation whose functions correspond to those of map and compass. Tasks of the latter are usually accomplished by a sun compass, taking into account the sun's movement and time of day. Under overcast skies, the magnetic field of the earth may be used for compass orientation. The "map" part of the system, responsible for site localization, makes use of olfactory perception of atmospheric trace compounds, which must be concluded to contain positional information in unfamiliar areas up to several hundreds of kilometers from home. 相似文献
894.
An exploratory field study conducted in Europe and the U.S. examines the challenges of managing environmental quality at the enterprise level. The results show that effective environmental quality management depend to a considerable degree on the ability to deal with the multidisciplinary organizational, technical, social, and cultural issues involved in the integration of environmental cost accounting at the enterprise level. The study suggests that the tools and techniques of modern project management can provide an important framework for developing and implementing environmental quality control systems. The recommendations put considerable emphasis on the human side, focusing on the criteria under which environmental quality is best achievable. Strong senior management leadership, people skills, organizational linkages, and alliances, all are critical for dealing with the complexities of managing responsibly toward sustained developments in today’s organizations. 相似文献
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896.
Hans Grisebach 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1977,64(12):619-625
The complete set of enzymes that catalyze the reactions from l-phenylalanine to substituted cinnamyl alcohols is now known. The latter compounds are the primary building stones of lignin. The individual reactions and the possible modes of regulation of this pathway are discussed. The polymerization of cinnamyl alcohols to lignin is mediated by peroxidase. The significance of cell-wall-bound peroxidases in this process and the origin of hydrogen peroxide are reviewed. Finally, the possible role of lignification in relation to disease resistance is discussed. 相似文献
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899.
Dietrich von Holst Hans Hutzelmeyer Paul Kaetzke Martin Khaschei Ronald Schönheiter 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1999,86(8):388-393
Wild rabbits of the two sexes have separate linear rank orders, which are established and maintained by intensive fights.
The social rank of individuals strongly influence their fitness: males and females that gain a high social rank, at least
at the outset of their second breeding season, have a much higher lifetime fitness than subordinate individuals. This is because
of two separate factors: a much higher fecundity and annual reproductive success and a 50% longer reproductive life span.
These results are in contrast to the view in evolutionary biology that current reproduction can be increased only at the expense
of future survival and/or fecundity. These concepts entail higher physiological costs in high-ranking mammals, which is not
supported by our data: In wild rabbits the physiological costs of social positions are caused predominantly by differential
psychosocial stress responses that are much lower in high-ranking than in low-ranking individuals.
Received: 23 February 1999 / Accepted: 17 March 1999 相似文献
900.