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991.
992.
Eco-health evaluation for the Shanghai metropolitan area during the recent industrial transformation (1990-2003) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shanghai is a cosmopolitan city and one of the most important economic centers in China, but is saddled with serious environmental problems resulting from a recent industrial transformation. This paper examines the interactive relationships between economic growth, eco-efficiency of urban metabolism, and environmental performance of the Shanghai metropolitan area since the 1990s using 15 indicators. This study has revealed an enhanced eco-efficiency of water and energy use as well as an improved overall environmental quality in the central urban districts of Shanghai. Both TGDP (total GDP) and GDP per capita increased rapidly at the annual rate of 16.28% and 15.91%, respectively. In contrast, energy consumed per 10000RMB YUAN GDP (ECG), water consumed per 10000RMB YUAN GDP (WCG), wastewater discharged per 10000RMB YUAN GDP (WWDG), and waste gases emitted per 10000RMB YUAN GDP (WGEG) decreased at the annual rate of 9.34%, 10.69%, 14.57%, and 8.52%, respectively. The rapid decline in ECG, WCG, WWDG, and WGEG indicates an enhanced eco-efficiency of urban metabolism. However, uncontrolled emission of wastes from domestic instead of industrial sources adversely affected the overall environmental quality. In addition, suburban areas have undergone rapid economic growth at the cost of human health deterioration, as measured by mortalities and relative mortality ratios of three major diseases (tumor, respiratory disease, and trauma/toxicosis). With Shanghai serving as the "locomotive" driving the economy of the Yangtze River Basin, effective pollution control policies and a network of regional coordination are urgently needed in the globalization and ecological security of the entire area. 相似文献
993.
基于CA-Markov模型的新疆克州土地利用动态模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用"3S"技术及IDRISI软件中的CA-Markov模型,以2005年为起始时刻,对新疆克州2015年土地利用格局进行模拟预测.研究认为:研究区土地利用覆盖结构呈现"两大、四小"的特点,即:草地及未利用土地面积大,而耕地、林地、水域及城乡居民工矿建设用地面积较小;与2005年相比,模拟的2015年研究区土地利用结构变化不大,仍然是以草地和未利用地面积为主,各土地利用类型面积变化也不大,其中,耕地、林地和城乡建设用地面积将略有增加,而草地、水域面积将有所减少,未利用地面积也有一定的增加,总体上,研究区内生态环境将可能进一步呈恶化趋势. 相似文献
994.
利用UASB对生活污水的厌氧中试,使厌氧水力停留时间在8小时,处理效率达到80%,较大地降低了生活污水的吨水投资及直接运行费用. 相似文献
995.
近年来,胶州市的生态环境保护工作水平虽然在整体上有了提高,但仍存在一些问题.本文首先介绍了胶州的经济、环境质量、生态、污染控制现状,在此基础上分析了影响生态城市建设存在的问题,如空气污染、水污染、管网不配套等,最后就生态市建设提出了建立有效领导机制、深化综合治理、推行循环经济、推进环境优美乡镇建设、加大环保投入等五项建议. 相似文献
996.
Tracking historical lead pollution in the coastal area adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary using lead isotopic compositions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hao Y Guo Z Yang Z Fan D Fang M Li X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1325-1331
The rapid economic development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China in the last three decades has had a significant impact on the environment of the East China Sea (ECS). Lead isotopic compositions of a 210Pb dated sediment core collected from the coastal ECS adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary were analyzed to track the Pb pollution in the region. The baseline Pb concentration in the coastal ECS sediments before the industrialization in China was 32 μg g−1, and the corresponding 206Pb/207Pb ratio was 1.195. The high-resolution profiles of Pb flux and 206Pb/207Pb ratios had close relationships with the economic development and the history of the use of leaded gasoline in China, and they were clearly different from those of most European countries and United States. 相似文献
997.
Wang L Hao J He K Wang S Li J Zhang Q Streets DG Fu JS Jang CJ Takekawa H Chatani S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(8):1057-1069
In the last 10 yr, Beijing has made a great effort to improve its air quality. However, it is still suffering from regional coarse particulate matter (PM10) pollution that could be a challenge to the promise of clean air during the 2008 Olympics. To provide scientific guidance on regional air pollution control, the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) air quality modeling system was used to investigate the contributions of emission sources outside the Beijing area to pollution levels in Beijing. The contributions to the PM10 concentrations in Beijing were assessed for the following sources: power plants, industry, domestic sources, transportation, agriculture, and biomass open burning. In January, it is estimated that on average 22% of the PM10 concentrations can be attributed to outside sources, of which domestic and industrial sources contributed 37 and 31%, respectively. In August, as much as 40% of the PM10 concentrations came from regional sources, of which approximately 41% came from industry and 31% from power plants. However, the synchronous analysis of the hourly concentrations, regional contributions, and wind vectors indicates that in the heaviest pollution periods the local emission sources play a more important role. The implications are that long-term control strategies should be based on regional-scale collaborations, and that emission abatement of local sources may be more effective in lowering the PM10 concentration levels on the heavy pollution days. Better air quality can be attained during the Olympics by placing effective emission controls on the local sources in Beijing and by controlling emissions from industry and power plants in the surrounding regions. 相似文献
998.
999.
大型高效厌氧悬浮床反应器流态模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合大型高效厌氧悬浮床反应器(275 m3)的运行,在容积负荷10~40 kg COD/(m3·d)的较宽范围,有计划进行了系列流态实验.通过示踪数学模型模拟研究表明,采用组合流态模型描述生产性规模厌氧反应器的流态是适合的,结果优于级串和扩散模型.结合反应器的运行探讨了负荷、上升流速和气体负荷等因素对短流率、死区比例和膨胀率等悬浮床反应器的特性参数的影响,获得了确定的结论,可以指导厌氧悬浮床反应器的设计、结构优化和设备开发. 相似文献
1000.
棘洪滩水库近10年水质变化及评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
报道了2004-2006年棘洪滩水库的TN、TP、CODMn和浮游藻类的调查结果,对该水库近10年(1997-2006年)的水质进行了综合评价.数据显示,在年度之间,TN质量浓度冬春季较高,夏秋季逐渐降低,TP质量浓度和CODMn变化不大; 浮游藻类细胞密度则表现出与TN相反的趋势,冬春季较低,夏秋季最高; 浮游藻类种群结构冬春季以硅藻和隐藻为主,夏秋季绿藻和蓝藻占优势,但2006年的夏秋季绿藻取代蓝藻占明显优势.对1997-2006年TN、TP、CODMn和浮游藻类年际变化分析发现,TN质量浓度年均值2003和2004年偏高,其余年份变化不大,TP质量浓度、CODMn年均值变化不明显; 浮游藻类细胞密度在2003-2006年偏高,但2006较2005年有所下降,其余年份年均值较低; 浮游藻类种群结构1997-2002年以硅藻和隐藻为主,2003-2005年以蓝藻为主,2006年绿藻取代蓝藻,与硅藻同占优势.用内梅罗指数法对水库的水质进行评价,结果表明,近10年来该水库的水质均为二级--良好级.用相关加权综合营养状态指数法进行富营养化评价,得出的结论是,近10年来该水库的营养程度均为中营养.尽管2002-2005年有向中-富营养发展的趋势,但因及时采取了控制入库源水质量的措施,2006年的水质又有所改善.总体而言,该水库的水质状况良好,属中营养型,可确保饮用安全. 相似文献