污染源管理信息化建设的思考

污染源管理是环境监管的重点,信息化是提高污染源管理水平的重要手段。阐述污染源管理信息化现状,分析污染源管理信息来源及信息化发展中的不足,提出加强基层环保部门污染源监管信息化建设的建议,为污染源管理信息化建设提供借鉴。     

中国淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物条形码数据库构建

大型底栖无脊椎动物是得到广泛应用的水质生物监测和评价指示生物,但在实际应用过程中,受类群多样性高、形态鉴定专业性强、鉴定资料不全等影响,难以将其精确鉴定到种。新兴的DNA条形码技术能够快速、精确地鉴定物种,在生物多样性调查和监测等领域被寄予厚望。该方法的有效性与准确性依赖于完整、全面的参考数据库,然而现有公共数据库无法满足底栖动物鉴定的需求。鉴于此,南京农业大学等10余所高校及科研院所携手构建了中国淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物条形码数据库。基于该数据库网络平台,用户可以在线进行底栖动物条形码和环境DNA-宏条形码比对,完成对物种的精准注释。该数据库的建成为我国应用环境DNA-宏条形码技术开展底栖动物多样性调查、水质生物监测与评价提供了重要的数据资源。     

Building disaster resilience using social messaging networks: the WeChat community in Houston,Texas, during Hurricane Harvey

Analyses of disaster resilience have focused increasingly on the role of social capital and online social networks in recovery. This study complements this field of work by investigating three key issues. First, it examines how a social messaging application, WeChat, helped individuals to access and to mobilise three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking—during Hurricane Harvey, a Category 4 storm that made landfall in Louisiana and Texas in the United States in August 2017, resulting in significant flooding and loss of life. Second, it pinpoints and assesses quantitatively how individuals' WeChat group usage and social capital influenced their post-disaster well-being. Third, it demonstrates how a minority and immigrant community in Houston, Texas, overcame the disadvantages commonly observed in other disaster research through the utilisation of social media. The findings of this study should aid governmental and community efforts to foster resilience in the face of natural and human-induced hazards.     

赴德参展侧记

2009年11月,两年一度的国际工业安全用品及健康用品展览会(A+A2009)在德国杜塞尔多夫会展中心开幕.我公司在中纺商业协会安全健康防护用品委员会的组织下,赴德参展,收到了意想不到的效果.     

中国超大城市不透水面扩张对对流层NO2柱浓度的影响

基于Aura卫星的臭氧检测仪(OMI)数据及Landsat卫星影像,分别分析了中国7座超大城市2005—2017年的对流层NO_2柱浓度(TroNO_2浓度)时空变化规律和不透水面扩张模式,并探讨了二者之间的联系,结果表明:①7座城市总体表现为TroNO_2浓度先升高后降低、高值区域先扩大后收缩甚至消失的趋势.变化存在显著的周期性,冬季浓度远高于夏季.②各城市不透水面面积分别扩张至120%～200%,扩张模式多表现为由中心向四周辐射式扩张,不透水面的空间分布和扩张趋势与TroNO_2浓度高度相关.③各城市市辖区TroNO_2浓度与不透水面覆盖率(ISC)呈高度正相关,二者冷热点空间分布规律一致,松散型、紧凑型、密集型、高度密集型市辖区的TroNO_2浓度均值依次增加,发生不透水面扩张的区域标准化TroNO_2指数呈上升趋势.④自然条件、经济产业结构、机动车尾气排放、重大赛会的举办及相关政策等因素均与TroNO_2浓度密切相关.     

储罐池火特性研究进展

总结了常见池火特性参数如燃烧速率、火焰形态、火焰脉动、热辐射通量的半经验公式,计算得出燃烧速率、火焰拖曳直径、火焰脉动随储罐直径变化规律,火焰倾角随风速变化规律,热辐射通量随距离的变化规律,确定了多个公式的适用范围,指出了多个特性参数存在的问题,并提出了未来的研究方向。     

萘降解性质粒的筛选及其在炼油污水处理场中的转移

从炼油污水处理场活性污泥中分离到一株能以萘为唯一碳源的假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas sp.)S13。通过质粒接合转移、质粒消除以及分子杂交,证明假单胞杆菌S13降解萘的功能是由质粒编码的。应用膜扩散器在炼油污水处理场进行的现场试验证明,假单胞杆菌S13的萘降解性质粒,可在污水处理场里通过接合转移传递到另一个从同一环境分离的假单胞杆菌T9中去,并使后者获得利用萘的能力。这一结果表明,当条件合适时,降解性质粒可在自然环境里的细菌群体中扩散。     

苯甲酸钠降解菌的分离及Tn5诱变

采用富集法从柴油污染的土壤中分离到一株能以苯甲酸钠为唯一碳源而生长的产水溶性荧光色素的Pseudomonas sp,其荧光色素在121℃、30min不被破坏.通过转座子Tn5插入诱变,再次证明Tn5所携km~Rsm~R基因可在革兰氏阴性菌Pseudomonas sp中表达,其Sm~Rkm~R双抗突变频率为10~(-6)-10~(-7)/受体细胞,从上述双抗子中可再选出功能突变菌落,频率约0.5％.其中有2株为荧光消失型,2株为荧光增强型,1株为苯甲酸钠利用能力缺陷型,1株为营养缺陷型,2株为生长缓慢型.     

Interaction between Cu and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu^2 + and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu^2 + uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu^2 +. The uptake of Cu^2 + by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu^2 +, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 +. The presence of Cu^2 + exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu^2 + caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu^2 + complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu^2 + in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 + may be contributing to this straining effect.     

水泥粉尘的比电阻及其测量

水泥粉尘经粒径分级，得粒径相对集中之各级粉尘，分别测定比电阻，从而找出水泥粉尘粒径、温度与比电阻的规律，为改进和合理使用电除尘器提供依据