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641.
Wei Sun Meiying Xu Chunyu Xia Anhua Li Guoping Sun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):200-210
The effect of physical parameters of cultivation (load volume, temperature, pH, agitation, inoculum size, and incubation period) in the production of laccase by wood-rotting basidiomycete Coriolus hirsutus were studied using diluted molasses distillery wastewater (MDW) as a major composition. Using fractional factorial design, our study first identified load volume, agitation, and inoculum size as statistically significant factors. Optimal preferences and mutual interactions of the factors were then determined by the response surface method, which is based on the center composite design. A quadratic model was used to fit the experimental data. The optimized operational parameters for laccase production were determined to be the following: culture temperature of 25°C, pH 4, load volume of 40 mL diluted MDW in 150 mL flask, agitation rate of 183 r·min?1, inoculation of 11.5% v/v, and cultivation time of 6 d. The experimental validation under these conditions (the maximum laccase production of 2198.2 U·mL?1 was within the confidence interval) subsequently verified the accuracy of the constructed model. Moreover, the removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen of MDW reached 62.85% and 48.00% respectively, and the decolorization ratio under the optimal condition was 41.85%. The enhanced production of laccase by C. hirsutus is a new recovery strategy for MDW. 相似文献
642.
Xue BAI Hanchang SHI Zhengfang YE Qiujin SUN Qing WANG Zhongyou WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(6):844-850
In this study, microorganisms (named B111) were immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres prepared by the inverse suspension crosslinked method. The biodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-hydro- xybenzaldehyde, a degradation product of BPA, by free and immobilized B lll was investigated. The BPA degradation studies were carried out at initial BPA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg·L^-1. The affinity constant Ks and maximum degradation rate Rmax were 98.3 mg·L^-1 and 19.7mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for free B111, as well as 87.2mg·L^-1 and 21.1mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for immobilized B 111, respectively. 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses confirmed that the dominant genera were Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas for BPA biodegradation in microorganisms B 111. 相似文献
643.
随着我国救灾体系的完善,有组织直接参与地震救援的人员群体随之增大。地震救援人员自身的心理救护问题也开始暴露,成为一个现实问题。综述了地震救援人员在地震救援中产生心理伤害的主要原因,分析了专业地震救援队员、应急救治人员和地震救援志愿者等不同类型的群体在地震现场形成的心理问题和特点。因为受到的训练不同,地震救援与实际工作的经验不同,事前受到训练与有过救援经历的人受到心理伤害的可能性相对较小。据此,提出了事前干预进行心理训练的建议。 相似文献
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645.
气候变化对森林灾害的影响及防控策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
系统阐述了气候变化对森林灾害的影响,论述了当前发生的以气候变暖为主要特征的气候变化对森林灾害发生、发生规律、频率、周期、强度、种类、区域分布等产生的重要影响,阐述了气候变化背景下森林灾害的特点与发展趋势,并对相关的研究进展进行阐述。重点剖析了气候变化对森林病虫鼠害和森林火灾的影响。提出了应对气候变化的森林灾害管理策略与措施,为及早预测气候变化可能对森林带来的灾害影响,积极主动地应对气候变化,将气候变化对森林造成的危害降到最低水平提出应对策略,同时提出了今后需要加强的一些重点研究领域及发展方向。 相似文献
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647.
Evidence for a mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhiyong Guo Xiuyi Hua Xinhui Lan Yingying Sun Deming Dong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(4):407-411
This report shows that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. Sorption of pollutants by solid materials, such as biofilms, suspended particles and sediments, is a major process controlling the fate of hydrophobic pollutants in natural waters. Most previous studies focused on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single-solid material, whereas few studies considered the mutual effect of different solids on the sorption. Various solid materials often interact with each other when they coexist in the same system. Therefore, pollutants sorption could be different from that in the single-solid sorption system. Here we studied the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and surface sediments on the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Results showed that biofilms and suspended particles double DDT sorption capacity on surface sediments. The different effects were mainly determined by distinct components and structures of the three solid materials, particularly by organic components. Here we show the mutual effect of biofilms, suspended particles and sediments on DDT sorption. 相似文献
648.
重金属污染物在生物体内的累积、迁移和传递已成为当今的研究热点。土壤弹尾目昆虫作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,针对其对重金属的吸收、积累和排泄的动态过程以及相应解毒机制的研究意义重大。本研究通过弹尾目跳虫(Folsomia candida)对Cu的吸收-排泄效率实验发现,跳虫体内Cu含量随暴露时间的延长而显著增加(r~2=0.8878,F_(1,5)=29.59,P<0.01);跳虫体内Cu含量随排泄时间的延长而明显逐渐降低(r~2=0.7836,F_(1,3)=7.13,P<0.01)。跳虫对Cu的吸收-排泄Budget实验表明,只有少量的Cu被跳虫摄取到体内,其中小部分被体内组织消化吸收,大部分则可能通过中肠细胞的褪皮作用和产卵等方式排出体外。可见,褪皮和排卵是跳虫排泄重金属Cu的重要途径,跳虫对Cu具有较低的吸收率(8.13%)和较高的排泄率(57.3%),表明跳虫对Cu可能有较高的耐受性。 相似文献
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650.