Toxicity of tri- and penta-valent arsenic, alone and in combination, to the cladoceran Daphnia carinata: the influence of microbial transformation in natural waters

The acute toxicity of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) alone and in combination to a cladoceran, Daphnia carinata, was studied in both cladoceran culture medium and natural water collected from a local suburban stream. As(III) was found to be more toxic than As(V) to Daphnia survival. The LC₅₀ values for As(III), As(V), and As(III) + As(V) were 0.554, 1.499, and 0.692 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Although various species of As, particularly As(III) and As(V) co-exist together in natural waters, the existing guidelines for water quality are based on individual As species. The results of this investigation suggest that As(III) and As(V) can interact either synergistically or additively resulting in an increase in the overall toxicity of the mixture compared to individual As species. Also, indigenous microorganisms in natural water may play a significant role in the transformation of As, thereby influencing the toxicity of As in receiving waters. This study clearly suggests that the joint action of As species should be considered in the development of water quality guidelines. To our knowledge this is the first study on the interactive effect of As(III) and As(V) to a cladoceran. Thus, this study suggests that these two species of As, when present together above 0.1 mg l⁻¹ concentration, are toxic to fresh water invertebrates; therefore, pollution with these compounds may adversely affect natural ecosystems.     

坚持安全发展 推进综合监管——访国家安监总局副局长梁嘉琨

近年来，我国各级安全生产监管部门全面落实科学发展观，坚持安全发展的理念，认真履行安全生产综合监管职能，积极探索开展综合监管工作的措施、途径和手段，逐步构筑了“分类指导、职责明晰、条块结合、运行有序、机制完善”的安全生产综合监管机制和总体格局，全国安全生产综合监管建设取得了长足的进步。但是，在综合监管工作实践中，很多地区也都遇到并提出了同样的问题：《安全生产法》等法律法规中并没有对综合监管的内容作出明确的规定。     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years.In this study,Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O),a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent,wa...     

辽河口海域叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其影响因素

2013年8月、2013年10月和2014年5月先后3次对辽河口海域进行航次调查,对相关数据运用多种分析方法,研究了浮游植物粒级结构的时空分布特征及其主要环境影响因子。结果表明:辽河口叶绿素a浓度的季节变化特征表现为夏季最大、春季次之、秋季最小。空间分布特征表现为:春季西北部浓度高,东南区域浓度较低;夏秋呈相反的分布特征在夏季为近河口区域低、河口外区域高,且区域之间的浓度差异较大,最大值出现在西南区域;秋季表现为近河口区域高,远离河口区域较低,叶绿素a较大值主要分布在靠近河口的区域。在不同季节,不同粒径对叶绿素a的贡献率也不尽相同,Nano-级对总叶绿素a的贡献率在3个季度中均为最大。影响叶绿素a浓度变化的环境因素复杂:在春季,硝酸盐与叶绿素a呈负相关;在夏季,硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐以及总氮均与叶绿素a呈显著负相关,悬浮物浓度与叶绿素a之间呈显著负相关,表层水温(SST)与叶绿素a表现为显著正相关;在秋季,悬浮物(SS)与叶绿素a存在显著正相关。     

基于ABAQUS的钢管活性粉末混凝土短柱轴压受力性能研究

基于ABAQUS工作平台,建立已完成的钢管活性粉末混凝土(RPC)短柱试验试件的有限元模型,对其轴压荷载作用下的受力性能进行分析,将数值计算所得破坏形态、荷载—应变曲线、极限承载力与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。基于此,进一步对钢管和RPC应力—应变曲线进行分析,探讨钢材强度、含钢率和RPC强度对柱轴压性能的影响。结果表明:随着钢材强度和含钢率增加,短柱的极限承载力和残余承载力提高,延性性能改善;RPC强度增加时,试件的极限承载力提高而残余承载力变化不大。最后,根据极限平衡理论建立短柱轴压承载力计算公式,其在0.18ξ2.62范围内适用性较好,可为工程设计提供参考。     

NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of mitigative effect of selenium on lead-induced inflammatory damage in chicken kidneys

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a kind of widespread toxic environmental pollutant which can cause harm to organisms. Selenium (Se) has the property of mitigating Pb...     

Does green finance improve the industrial eco-efficiency in China?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improving industrial eco-efficiency is of great significance for building a beautiful China and achieving its carbon peak and neutrality targets....     

Isolation and characterization of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter in waters by ion exchange solid phase extraction followed by high resolution mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and...     

Ammonia volatilization,N2O and CO2 emissions from landfill leachate-irrigated soils

Effects of leachate addition on ammonia volatilization and N₂O and CO₂ emissions from two different soils were investigated using the 10-day laboratory incubation method at two levels of moisture content. Ammonia volatilization was dominated by soil pH and only occurred in alkaline clay soil, where 0.26–0.32% of soil ammonia could be lost. The N₂O emission from the alkaline clay soil was one order of magnitude greater than that from the acidic sandy soil, when either water or leachate was irrigated. Increasing the moisture content from 46% water-filled pore space (WFPS) to 70% WFPS in the alkaline clay soil or the acidic sandy soil by either water or leachate irrigation increased the N₂O emission by over twofold. The CO₂ emission from each soil sample at the two WFPSs was almost the same. The CO₂ emission from the alkaline clay soil with leachate addition was 72% lower than that from the acidic sandy soil with leachate addition, and 6.7 times higher than that from the alkaline clay soil with distilled water addition. Ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission under leachate irrigation could be minimized by avoiding the excessively wet condition and by selecting the acidic sandy soil with low organic carbon and total nitrogen content.