Future private car stock in China: current growth pattern and effects of car sales restriction

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Car stock projection is essential to evaluating the energy and environmental impacts of private cars in China. Since the private car...     

黑龙江省大豆加工业污染调研及分析

黑龙江省是中国的大豆之乡，在中国大豆生产中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来，大豆加工业迅猛发展，但与此同时产生的废水处理问题也不容忽视。本文通过实地调研和现状分析，指出目前大豆加工企业废水处理共有问题，并提出相应的对策和措施，为中国大豆加工业污水处理提供基础和借鉴。     

中国重大自然灾害监测与评估信息系统的建设与应用

中国在１９９１～１９９５年期间，应用遥感（ＲＳ）和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术建立了重大自然灾害监测与评估信息系统，它包括洪水、林火、干旱、雪灾、地震、沙漠化和松毛虫灾害等七种自然灾害。整个研究和应用工作主要包括下述几部分：·建立灾害历史数据库和灾害背景数据库；·研究重大自然灾害的区划和危害程度分区；·建立单灾种的监测与评估系统（在微机或工作站系统上）；·对突然发生的自然灾害（如洪水、林火、地震等）建立应急反应系统；·应用这些技术和系统对１９９１年以来发生的洪水、干旱、林火等进行监测与评估，为主管部门防灾救灾提供辅助决策依据。本文是在集体研究成果的基础上加以概括，并提出一些个人的看法。     

陕北能源开发生态环境补偿对策研究

本文从陕北能源开发入手,通过对生态破坏、经济损失的分析,论述了生态环境补偿的必要性和迫切性,提出了生态环境补偿的依据。从生态学的角度分析了生态的损失补偿是企业产品成本的构成部分,而不应是社会责任承担。阐明了补偿费征收管理办法主要应包括征收范围、征收机构、征收标准、管理使用和罚则等五个方面。     

三峡工程与长江中游浅层承压水动态

三峡水库正常运行后,坝下枯季下泄流量增加,将使荆江水位比建坝前抬高１－２ｍ。由于长江与两侧浅层承压水有着十分密切的联系。长江枯季水位升高将阻滞两岸地下水向长江排泄,从而使两岸承压水位相对抬高。观测研究表明,长江对承压水动态的影响程度随距离的增加而减弱,二者成分段线性反比的关系。在龙口观测剖面,如长江水位升高１ｍ,则在距离为０－１ｋｍ地段,承压水位将抬高１－０．２ｍ;在１－４ｋｍ地段,抬高０．２５－     

PRA浓度和显色温度对West—Gaeke法测定SO2的回归斜率和空白值的影响

试验研究表明，Ｗｅｓｔ－Ｇａｅｋｅ法制定大气ＳＯ２，空白试验值不仅随显色温度增高而增高，而且随ＰＲＡ浓度增高而增高。尤其，在２０±２℃时，ＰＲＡ浓度＞０．０１６％时，校准曲线斜率比方法规定值偏高；称取ＰＲＡ０．１００ｇ提纯后使用，在３０℃时，回归斜率比方法规定值偏低。本文提出了对方法的补充意见。     

灰色综合评判法与大气环境质量评价

依据灰色理论中白化函数的构造原则和聚类原理，提出了灰色综合评判法，并以大气环境质量评价为例作了说明。该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数，拓展了白化函数中污染物浓度的取值范围，有较高的信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象之间环境质量的优劣，具有较强的实用性。     

Effects of organic acids on copper and cadmium desorption from contaminated soils

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids on Cd and Cu desorption from natural contaminated soils (NCS) with permanent contamination by metal smelters and from artificial contaminated soils (ACS) derived from an artificial amendment of Cd to three representative zonal soils in Central China. Results showed that the desorption of Cd in either NCS or ACS, with the increment of tartrate or citrate concentration in desorption solution, can be characterized as a valley-like curve. The presence of tartrate or citrate at a low concentration (< or =0.5 mmol/l) inhibited Cd desorption from these two types of soils, whereas the presence of organic acids at high concentrations (> or =2 mmol/l for citrate and about > or =15 mmol/l for tartrate) apparently promoted Cd desorption. The desorption curve of Cu by tartrate solution with different tartrate concentrations can also be characterized as a valley-like curve, while the desorption of Cu in the presence of citrate was directly enhanced with the increment of citrate concentration. With the enhancement of initial pH value from 2 to 8 in the presence of citrate, Cu desorption ratio decreased at the first stage, then increased, and then decreased again. A valley and a peak sequentially appeared in the Cd or Cu desorption curve with initial pH value increment. Compared with citrate, the desorption ratio of Cd or Cu from NCS or ACS was directly decreased in the presence of tartrate, with the enhancement of the pH value from 2 to 8. Cd or Cu desorption was clearly enhanced when the electrolyte concentration of KNO3 or KCl increased in the presence of 2 mmol/l tartrate. Moreover, a higher desorption ratio of Cd or Cu was shown with KCl electrolyte than with KNO3 electrolyte with the same concentration. Based on these observations, we suggest that bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be promoted with selected suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable field condition.     

综合整治府南河走可持续发展之路

府南河工程带动成都市城市基础设施建设,产生了巨大 在的社会效益,促进了环境保护及城市生态的良性循环,造就了成都市建设现代化商贸中心的前提条件,为成都市的可持续发展奠定了基础。     

用区间估计法控制环境监测质量的初探

用投放质控标准样的方法来选择若干校准曲线，对这些标准曲线的截距ａ、斜率ｂ的进行总体参数进行区间估计。在实际工作中根据估计出的置信区间便可控制和检验监测所做校准曲线的质量，从而间接推断同期环境监测的质量。