精神文明建设与可持续发展

本文从多个层次论述了精神文明建设与可持续发展的关系。完善市场经济新秩序中丰富精神文明建设和培育文化力 ,构建以人的全面发展为战略主导的社会、经济、文化、科教、生态、资源、环境和谐统一的可持续发展机制。实现市场经济、精神文明、可持续发展的和谐统一     

秦巴山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征

降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征的研究对区域土壤侵蚀风险评估及水土保持规划具有重要的意义。利用秦巴山区及周边地区共63个气象站1961~2016年的逐日降雨量数据计算各站的降雨侵蚀力,借助Kriging空间插值法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验等方法分析了秦巴山区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征。结果表明：秦巴山区年均降雨侵蚀力为3 696 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·a),年内变化呈单峰型,7月最大,占全年的26.6%;四季中,夏季最大,冬季最小。代际间,20世纪80年代的降雨侵蚀力最大,90年代最小。年际间,年降雨侵蚀力存在明显的阶段性,但未表现出显著的趋势性和突变性特征。秦巴山区多年平均降雨侵蚀力呈南高北低的分布格局,不同地区年均降雨侵蚀力变化于787~8 858 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·a)之间;整体而言,年降雨侵蚀力随纬度增加而减小,随海拔升高而减小。     

基于资源环境承载力与开发建设适宜性的国土开发强度研究——以江苏省为例

以江苏省为研究区域,运用特尔斐法、线性拟合预测、Kaya分解模型和多要素空间叠置分析等方法,测算未来各地市基于资源环境承载力与开发建设适宜性的可承载国土开发强度,进而识别影响区域建设用地扩张的限制性因素。结果表明：（1）不同资源环境要素对江苏省建设用地扩张的约束作用呈现显著差异,水资源对国土开发的承载水平总体稍高于环境承载水平,而碳峰值承载水平为三者最低;（2）“不适宜”开发区主要分布在湖泊湿地和沿海滩涂地区,“适宜”开发区则以苏锡常环太湖一线、宁镇扬盐沿长江一线和滨海沿线为轴带集聚分布;（3）各地市未来可承载国土开发强度呈现地域性、时间性和结构性差异,苏南地区主要面临环境和碳排放的双重约束,苏中和苏北则受水、环境和碳排放的交替约束。国土开发强度承载水平预测可为制定区域差异化的用地规模调控与生态保护政策提供理论与数据支撑。     

跨世纪时期的世界矿产资源形势和我国的对策

本文研究分析了世界资源、尤其是矿产资源的供需形势,以及全球资源紧张与危机的状况和发展趋势。结合我国资源状况和国情,从经济、社会长期发展战略角度,论述了客观分析、参与研究国际及我国社会基础资源问题的重要性、紧迫性,并提出建立我国资源供需持续、稳定、协调发展的方略对策。     

Assessment of the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, East China

As wildlife habitat is in constant evolution, periodic monitoring is essential to assess its quality. In this study, the change to the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve was detected from multi-temporal remote sensing data from 1992 to 2008 in a geographic information system. Habitat fragmentation was derived from both physical constraints and human disturbance. The changing habitat quality was assessed against five landscape indices. The results obtained from Landsat TM images indicate that potential habitat shrank 37.9 % during 1992–2001, but recovered 99.4 % by 2008. Suitable habitat shrank by 4,329 ha to a level below that of 1992 despite an increase of 4,747 ha in potential habitat due to an increase of 9,075 ha in fragmented areas. Both landscape indices and the red-crowned crane population reveal that suitable habitat was the most fragmented in 2001, but the least fragmented in 1992. Therefore, it is inadequate to just restore wetland through artificial diversion of channel flow to the Reserve to preserve the crane habitat. Commensurate efforts should also be directed at improving habitat quality by minimizing human activities and spatially juxtaposing water and reed marshes harmoniously inside the Reserve.     

上海滨海地区风况时空分布研究

利用Weatherhawk全自动气象站对上海浦东新区沿海水杉防护林系统内外风况的时空动态进行为期3 a的定位观测研究。结果表明：(1)风况分布特征与亚热带季风湿润性气候特点基本相符;(2)水杉防护林系统对风速有明显的削弱作用;(3)风速的日变化呈单峰曲线,最低值一般出现在日出时分,而峰值一般出现在正午时分;(4)随着季风环流对风向与风速的影响,防护林的防风效应也发生了一定的变化     

南宁城市大气污染对人体健康的危害及治理对策

南宁市大气属煤烟型污染 ,大气的主要污染物为SO2 、NOx、TSP、降尘 ,虽然随着环境管理和污染治理工作的加强 ,污染物浓度逐年下降 ,但是工业区大气污染仍然较重。污染物流行病学调查显示 :工业区癌症和呼吸系统疾病死亡率均高于全市平均水平 2倍左右 ,城区又高于郊区 2倍 ,大气污染综合指数与呼吸内科门诊就诊人数呈正相关。用邓聚龙的灰色系统理论分析得知污染物对癌症和呼吸系统疾病死亡率有关联 ,关联度从大到小排序为 :TSP >降尘 >SO2 >NOx ,最后提出了大气污染治理的对策。     

Technological Progress, Structural Change and China＇s Energy Efficiency

China has witnessed rapid economic development since 1978, and during the time, energy production and consumption developed at a tremendous speed as well. Energy efficiency which can be measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP, however, experienced continuous decrease. Theoretically, the change of energy efficiency can be attributed to industry structural change and technological change. In order to explain the transformation of Chinese energy efficiency, we adopt logarithmic mean Divisia index techniques to decompose changes in energy intensity in the period of 1994-2005. We find that technological change is the dominant contributor in the decline of energy intensity, but the contribution has declined since 2001. The change in industry structure has decreased the energy intensity before 1998, but raised the intensity after 1998. Decomposed technological effects for all sectors indicate that technological progresses in high energy consuming industries such as raw chemical materials and chemical products, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and household contribute are the principal drivers of China＇s declining energy intensity.     

基于ARCGIS的长株潭城市群核心区环境容量评价

区域环境容量评价与分析是区域合理开发和布局的重要依据。在ARCGIS技术的支持下,首先对长株潭城市群核心区大气、水和土壤环境容量分别进行评价与分析,形成等级图,然后,进行各因素空间叠加,经综合分析与评价,将核心区划分为5个区域：优良区、合理区、饱和区、超饱和区、过度饱和区,并且还提出了相应的建议与对策。其主旨是为促进该区域空间科学开发与布局、生态环境的合理保护,对规范长株潭城市群“两型社会”建设理性发展具有非常重要的意义,并提供参考依据     

Analysis of Environmental and Socio-economic Determinants Affecting Population Longevity Level at County Level in China

INTRODUCTIONIn recent thirty years, due to the decreasing fertility andincreasing life expectancy, China's population is aging ata very rapid pace and the elderly population size is keepingon growing. During the dramatic aging progress, the oldestold group in China is catching our eyes. More and moreold people of China are becoming the oldest old. Theextremely old population (aged 80 and above) is increasingat 5.1% annually, while the old population above 65 isincreasing at 2.9%, and the…