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131.
Ingrid Strid Eriksson Helena Elmquist Thomas Nybrant 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2005,34(4):382-386
农业生产系统的生态可持续性评估亟需一些有效工具.本文所描述的SALSA(可持续农业系统分析,Systems Analysis forSustainable Agriculture)是一种环境系统分析工具.它由各种物流模型构成,并运用生命周期评价法阐释模拟结果.SALSA的一个示范性应用案例就是3种不同的生猪养殖情景在各自能源投入以及对全球变暖、富营养化和酸化作用方面的环境影响的比较分析.其中综合了不含大豆粉的低蛋白食料、改良后的肥料管理技术、低氮损失的情景是全部影响分类研究中的最佳选择.SALSA模型的优势在于它捕捉不同管理选择的后果的能力,这些管理选择对一个农场的一些过程有某种影响.这也使得文中描述的复杂研究成为可能. 相似文献
132.
Helena Jahncke Staffan Hygge Niklas Halin Anne Marie Green Kenth Dimberg 《Journal of environmental psychology》2011,31(4):373-382
The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive, emotional, and physiological effects of two open-plan office noise conditions (high noise: 51 LAeq and low noise: 39 LAeq) during work in a simulated open-plan office, followed by four restoration conditions (river movie with sound, only river sound, silence, and office noise) after the work period. Students (N = 47) went through one practice session and two experimental sessions, one each with the low and high noise conditions. In each experimental session they worked for 2 h with tasks involving basic working memory processes. We also took physiological measures of stress (cortisol and catecholamines) and self-reports of mood and fatigue. Analyses indicate that the participants remembered fewer words, rated themselves as more tired, and were less motivated with work in noise compared to low noise. In the restoration phase the participants who saw a nature movie (including river sounds) rated themselves as having more energy after the restoration period in comparison with both the participants who listened to noise and river sounds. Remaining in office noise during the restoration phase also affected motivation more negatively than listening to river sounds or watching the nature movie. The findings bear on the appropriateness of open-plan office designs and the possibilities for restoration available in office settings. 相似文献
133.
dos Santos Costa Rafaela Quadra Gabrielle Rabelo de Oliveira Souza Helena do Amaral Viviane Souza Navoni Julio Alejandro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41638-41650
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanobacteria are important for ecosystem functioning, but eutrophication may affect the surrounding biome by losing ecosystem services and/or through... 相似文献
134.
135.
Virginie Marques Paul Castagné Andréa Polanco Fernández Giomar Helena Borrero-Pérez Régis Hocdé Pierre-Édouard Guérin Jean-Baptiste Juhel Laure Velez Nicolas Loiseau Tom Bech Letessier Sandra Bessudo Alice Valentini Tony Dejean David Mouillot Loïc Pellissier Sébastien Villéger 《Conservation biology》2021,35(6):1944-1956
Assessing the impact of global changes and protection effectiveness is a key step in monitoring marine fishes. Most traditional census methods are demanding or destructive. Nondisturbing and nonlethal approaches based on video and environmental DNA are alternatives to underwater visual census or fishing. However, their ability to detect multiple biodiversity factors beyond traditional taxonomic diversity is still unknown. For bony fishes and elasmobranchs, we compared the performance of eDNA metabarcoding and long-term remote video to assess species’ phylogenetic and functional diversity. We used 10 eDNA samples from 30 L of water each and 25 hr of underwater videos over 4 days on Malpelo Island (pacific coast of Colombia), a remote marine protected area. Metabarcoding of eDNA detected 66% more molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) than species on video. We found 66 and 43 functional entities with a single eDNA marker and videos, respectively, and higher functional richness for eDNA than videos. Despite gaps in genetic reference databases, eDNA also detected a higher fish phylogenetic diversity than videos; accumulation curves showed how 1 eDNA transect detected as much phylogenetic diversity as 25 hr of video. Environmental DNA metabarcoding can be used to affordably, efficiently, and accurately census biodiversity factors in marine systems. Although taxonomic assignments are still limited by species coverage in genetic reference databases, use of MOTUs highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding once reference databases have expanded. 相似文献
136.
Lopes Jéssica Costa Silva Bruno Garcia Dias Maria Eduarda Simões Carneiro Rodrigo Braz Damianovic Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Foresti Eugenio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11755-11768
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The nutrient biological removal from sewage, especially from anaerobic reactor effluents, still represents a major challenge in conventional sewage... 相似文献
137.
Roger Hoel Bello Poliana Linzmeyer Cláudia Maria Bueno Franco Ozair Souza Noeli Sellin Sandra Helena Westrupp Medeiros Cintia Marangoni 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1501-1509
Banana waste has the potential to produce ethanol with a low-cost and sustainable production method. The present work seeks to evaluate the separation of ethanol produced from banana waste (rejected fruit) using pervaporation with different operating conditions. Tests were carried out with model solutions and broth with commercial hollow hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane membranes. It was observed that pervaporation performance for ethanol/water binary mixtures was strongly dependent on the feed concentration and operating temperature with ethanol concentrations of 1–10%; that an increase of feed flow rate can enhance the permeation rate of ethanol with the water remaining at almost the same value; that water and ethanol fluxes was increased with the temperature increase; and that the higher effect in flux increase was observed when the vapor pressure in the permeate stream was close to the ethanol vapor pressure. Better results were obtained with fermentation broth than with model solutions, indicated by the permeance and membrane selectivity. This could be attributed to by-products present in the multicomponent mixtures, facilitating the ethanol permeability. By-products analyses show that the presence of lactic acid increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane. Based on this, we believe that pervaporation with hollow membrane of ethanol produced from banana waste is indeed a technology with the potential to be applied. 相似文献
138.
Coupled bio-physical models of larval dispersal predict that the Costa Rica–Panama (CR–PAN) reefs should constitute a demographically
isolated region in the western Caribbean. We tested the hypothesis that CR–PAN coral reef fish populations would be isolated
from Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) populations. To test that, we assessed population genetic structure in bicolor
damselfish (Stegastes partitus) from both regions. Adult fish were genotyped from five reefs in CR–PAN and from four reefs along the MBRS at 12 microsatellite
loci. Between-region F
ST (F
ST = 0.0030, P < 0.005) and exact test (x
2 = 74.34, df = 18, P < 0.0001) results indicated that there is weak but significant genetic differentiation between regions, suggesting some restriction
in connectivity along the Central American coastline, as predicted by bio-oceanographic models. Additionally, there is among-site
genetic structure in the CR–PAN region, relative to the MBRS and between regions, suggesting higher self-recruitment within
CR–PAN. This finding may be explained by differences in habitat characteristics. 相似文献
139.
Furcellaria lumbricalis is a red algae occurring in low salinity to fully marine conditions. Here, both putatively neutral and EST-derived microsatellite
markers were developed and used to examine the genetic structure of northern European populations inhabiting different salinity
conditions ranging from 35 to 3.6 psu. The amount of genetic variation did not differ between ocean and brackish populations,
but differences were observed between marker types; EST-derived markers possessed less variation and showed greater differentiation
than the putatively neutral microsatellites. No multicopy multilocus genotypes were detected despite expected asexuality in
brackish populations. The Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis, when conducted for expressed marker data, indicated the presence of
two main clusters, the Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea, while no clear structuring was observed based on putatively neutral
microsatellites. The moderate level of genetic differentiation at neutral loci is probably due to genetic drift, a feasible
explanation considering long distances between many populations, while the high level of differentiation in EST-linked markers
reflects selection pressures. 相似文献
140.
Escalation theory proposes enemy-related selection as the most relevant factor of natural selection among individual organisms.
When hazardous to predators, prey might be considered enemies that influence predator evolution. Opisthobranch molluscs that
prey on chemically defended prey are an interesting study case on this subject. Predation on chemically defended species paved
the way for opisthobranchs to enter in an arms race, developing means to detoxify and/or excrete harmful compounds, which
led to the sequestration of those compounds and their self-defensive use, an escalation of defenses. Here we aim to understand
whether the opisthobranch predator is better protected than its chemically defended prey, using as predator–prey model, a
nudibranch (Hypselodoris
cantabrica) and the sponge it preys upon (Dysidea fragilis), and from which it obtains deterrent chemical compounds. Specimens of both species were collected on the Portuguese coast,
and their crude extracts were analyzed and used in palatability tests. Nudibranchs revealed a higher natural concentration
of crude extract, probably due to a progressive accumulation of the compounds. Both predator and prey extracts revealed similar
mixtures of deterrent metabolites (furanosesquiterpenes). Palatability tests revealed a more effective deterrence in the nudibranch
extracts because significant rejection rates were observed at lower concentrations than those necessary for the sponge extracts
to have the same effect. We concluded that the predator is chemically better protected than its prey, which suggests that
its acquisition of chemical defenses reveals a defensive escalation. 相似文献