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171.
Misík M Micieta K Solenská M Misíková K Pisarcíková H Knasmüller S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(2):459-466
Aim of the study was to monitor changes of genotoxic activity of urban air caused by an incinerator and a petrochemical plant in Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) and pollen fertility assays with wild plants (Chelidonium majus, Clematis vitalba, Cichorium intybus, Linaria vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia). While in the first sampling period (1997-2000) significantly (on average 80%) more MN were found at the polluted site in comparison to controls from a rural area, no significant effects were observed during a later period (between 2003 and 2005). A similar pattern was observed in the pollen abortion assays in which the most pronounced effects were found in chicory and false acacia. The differences of the results obtained in the two periods can be explained by a substantial reduction of air pollution by use of new technologies. In particular the decrease of SO(2) emissions may account for the effects seen in the present study. 相似文献
172.
Block CN Shibata T Solo-Gabriele HM Townsend TG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(2):627-633
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of handheld XRF analyzers on wood that has been treated with a preservative containing arsenic. Experiments were designed to evaluate precision, detection limit, effective depth of analysis, and accuracy of the XRF arsenic readings. Results showed that the precision of the XRF improved with increased sample concentration and longer analysis times. Reported detection limits decreased with longer analysis times to values of less than 1mg/kg or 18 mg/kg, depending on the model used. The effective depth of analysis was within the top 1.2 cm and 2.0 cm of sample for wood containing natural gradients of chemical preservative and concentration extremes, respectively. XRF results were found to be 1.5-2.3 times higher than measurements from traditional laboratory analysis. Equations can be developed to convert XRF values to results which are consistent with traditional laboratory testing. 相似文献
173.
Seixas TG Kehrig Hdo A Costa M Fillmann G Di Beneditto AP Secchi ER Souza CM Malm O Moreira I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(1):98-106
Selenium and total and organic mercury were determined in the liver and kidney of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally caught in fishing nets along two Brazilian coastal areas (southeast and south). Regional differences in the concentrations of these contaminants were observed in P. blainvillei. Liver showed the highest organic and total mercury. In general, samples of individuals collected at the southern of Brazil had the highest concentrations of selenium and total and organic mercury. No significant gender differences were observed. Growth stage influenced the accumulation of these contaminants in both organs, and hepatic concentrations increased with the body length, according to the sampling area. Molar mercury and selenium concentrations in liver were significantly correlated, with a Se:Hg ratio close to 4. The among-site differences we found may be related to differences in preferred prey, bioavailability in the marine environment, environmental conditions, or these individuals may belong to distinct populations. 相似文献
174.
175.
Agnieszka Guzman Helena Janik Alicja Kosakowska 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):679-684
Several new biodegradable polymer materials have recently come onto the global market. Mostly the results on degradation kinetic
studies are presented. This paper suggests using one of the tests to estimate the impact of polymer packaging material on
sea life. The microorganism chosen was Anabaena variabilis (identified in many waters, including those of the Baltic Sea, especially in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Puck Bay; this cyanobacterium
has a tendency to move with deep-sea waters causing algal blooms that upset the ecological balance of the marine environment
[1]). The chosen polymer materials were polycaprolactone modified with thermoplastic starch (PCL/TPS > 85%) or with calcium
carbonate (60% PCL/40% CaCO3). They were incubated in seawater in the presence of A. variabilis. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of cyanobacterial growth in the presence of the tested polymers. The polymer surface
and colour changes in the cyanobacterium culture were recorded photographically. The experimental results indicate that the
addition of polymer samples to the cyanobacterium culture affects its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater,
cyanobacteria adhered to the polymer surfaces and their growth was stimulated to different degree by the polymers. Thus, the
suggested test differentiate the behaviour of both materials studied. Cyanobacterial growth was lower in the presence of PCL
modified with calcium carbonate than in the presence PCL/TPS blend. 相似文献
176.
Naresh?KumarEmail author Daisy?Ramirez-Ortiz Helena?M.?Solo-Gabriele Joseph?B.?Treaster Olveen?Carrasquillo Michal?Toborek Sapna?Deo Jim?Klaus Leonidas?G.?Bachas David?Whitall Sylvia?Daunert Jose?Szapocznik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(3):2003-2013
Guánica Bay, located in southwestern Puerto Rico, has suffered oil spills and other pollution discharges since the 1960s. Previous research showed elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coral reef and sediment. This research examined PCB concentrations in sediment and fish. Sediment and fish sampling in the bay was facilitated by community members. This study identified the second highest reported PCB level (129,300 ng/g) in sediment in the USA. Fish samples also showed elevated concentrations (1623 to 3768 ng/g), which were higher than the thresholds of safe levels of PCBs in fish for human consumption. The alarmingly high concentration of PCBs calls for proactive community engagement to bring awareness about contamination of the bay and more extensive sampling to test for the concentration of PCBs in seafood and the people of Guánica. This study also underscores the value of the involvement of local communities during sampling design aimed at identifying hot spots of contaminants. 相似文献
177.
Helena Krasnov Petros Koutrakis Michael D. Friger 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(1):89-94
Quantitative information on the contribution of dust storms to atmospheric PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm) levels is still lacking, especially in urban environments with close proximity to dust sources. The main objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of dust storms to PM10 concentrations in a desert urban center, the city of Beer-Sheva, Negev, Israel, during the period of 2001–2012. Toward this end, a background value based on the “dust-free” season was used as a threshold value to identify potentially “dust days.” Subsequently, the net contribution of dust storms to PM10 was assessed. During the study period, daily PM10 concentrations ranged from 6 to over 2000 µg/m3. In each year, over 10% of the daily concentrations exceeded the calculated threshold (BVt) of 71 µg/m3. An average daily net contribution of dust to PM10 of 122 µg/m3 was calculated for the entire study period based on this background value. Furthermore, a dust storm intensity parameter (Ai) was used to analyze several storms with very high PM10 contributions (hourly averages of 1000–5197 μg/m3). This analysis revealed that the strongest storms occurred mainly in the last 3 yr of the study. Finally, these findings indicate that this arid urban environment experiences high PM10 levels whose origin lies in both local and regional dust events.
Implications:The findings indicate that over time, the urban arid environment experiences high PM10 levels whose origin lies in local and regional dust events. It was noticed that the strongest storms have occurred mainly in the last 3 yr. It is believed that environmental changes such as global warming and desertification may lead to an increased air pollution and risk exposure to human health. 相似文献
178.
Raclavská Helena Růžičková Jana Raclavský Konstantin Juchelková Dagmar Kucbel Marek Švédová Barbora Slamová Karolina Kacprzak Małgorzata 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8563-8581
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with... 相似文献
179.
In many countries over the last decades, state initiatives have emerged to promote and support public participation in policy-making. Despite the emphasis on participation and deliberation, there are groups that remain outside the participatory proceedings. We follow through two case studies from Finland on how active citizen groups became excluded in the policy processes but decided to act nevertheless. Conceptually, the article tells two stories about multi-signification and improvisation in nature conservation processes from the citizen participation point of view. Using practice-oriented policy analysis, we explore the actors' conflicting interpretations of acting for “the sake of the lake”. We argue that in these kinds of complex policy processes, improvisation should be given more space. 相似文献
180.
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto Cristina Maria Magalhães de Souza Helena Amaral Kehrig Carlos Eduardo Rezende 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2209-2217
The feeding preferences of the coastal dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia guianensis in south-eastern Brazil (21o18′S–22o25′S) were assessed through the prey’s index of relative importance (IRI), total mercury
concentration (Hgtot), and stable isotopic (δ15N and δ13C) to compare their efficiency in the discrimination of prey contribution to the predators’ diet. The IRI was the best tool
to describe the dolphins’ preference, while Hgtot and δ15N seemed to be efficient as a trophic marker when the diet is made up of prey of varying sizes, as observed in S. guianensis. Both dolphins presented lighter δ15N than their prey species, which is an unusual pattern. However, as the sample size to isotope ratios analysis was small,
especially to the dolphins, the results should be considered with caution, and further studies are necessary to corroborate
these findings. The δ13C values characterized a typical coastal food chain, confirming the preferential area of these species. 相似文献