A framework for policy formulation for small-scale mines: the case of coal in China

The effective management of small-scale mines is one of the major challenges for governments in the mining sector. Small-scale mining may bring tangible, short-term benefits to the communities involved. However, these benefits are frequently outweighed by the costs incurred in terms of illness, injury, pollution, waste of natural resources and market distortions. Governments, international agencies and advisers are generally able to draw up lists of actions which are required to regulate and manage small-scale mines more effectively, but turning plans into sustained action has proved more difficult. Two aspects of policy implementation are crucial to success: the alignment of interests, and the attitude and effectiveness of government. Using a case study of township and village coal mines in China, this article develops an approach to analysing these issues that could assist regional policy makers and advisers in formulating policy, in identifying key obstacles to policy implementation, and in identifying particular parties which need to be infiuenced or educated in order for the policy to succeed.     

非均衡视域下江苏沿海“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式研究

阐述了非均衡发展理论对沿海开发的指导作用,分析了江苏沿海非均衡发展的区域条件,指出了“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的合理性,提出了实施“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的战略思考.     

发展长三角地区城市文化旅游路径选择——以发展镇江市隐士文化旅游为例

分析了镇江市隐士文化资源的特质和旅游价值,提出了开发镇江市隐士文化旅游资源、发展城市文化旅游的对策,为长三角地区城市文化旅游发展提供参照样本。     

废物审计中方案筛选和可行性分析

根据技术的复杂程度和系统性，经济效益，削减废弃物的潜力、环境效益、实施难易程度等５个方面，以权重打分综合的方法进行方案筛选，筛选出５个备选方案作经济、技术和环境评估。在此基础上，推存主要工段联合改造方案，并对此方案作出一步经济分析，表明该方案的实施是可行的。     

Removing and recovering gas-phase elemental mercury by Cu(x)Co(3-x)O(4) (0.75< or = x < or =2.25) in the presence of sulphur compounds

The Hg(0) oxidation ability and reusability of Cu(x)Co(3-x)O(4) were investigated in an attempt to improve SO(2) anti-poisoning ability of metal oxide and produce more economic and effective sorbents for the control of Hg(0) emission from combustion processes. The influence of copper content on Cu(x)Co(3-x)O(4)'s (0.75< or = x < or =2.25) oxidation ability of Hg(0) in the presence of SO(2) was investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and mass balance analysis on mercury, we found that Cu(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) showed the highest S(BET) and best Hg(0) oxidation ability. With continuous increase of x from 0.75 to 2.25, Cu(x)Co(3-x)O(4)'s SO(2) anti-poisoning ability increased. The analysis results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy manifested that the adsorptive mercury species on spent Cu(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) was HgO. The spent Cu(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) could be regenerated by thermal decomposition at 673K and regenerated Cu(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) showed higher Hg(0) oxidation ability due to Hg-doping. Regenerated enrichment Hg(0) was collected using activated carbon at an ambient temperature to eliminate the secondary pollution.     

大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法在聚酯废气组成分析中的应用

采用直接进样大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法，可同时测定聚酯废气中乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2－甲基－1，3－二氧戊环、三聚乙醛等污染物含量。进样量为1mL时，方法对乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2－甲基－1，3－二氧戊环、三聚乙醛的最低检出浓度分别为1.0mg/m^3,2.3mg/m^3,7.3mg/m^3,2.7mg/m^3,3.3mg/m^3，回标回收率为92.0%-97.9%，相对标准偏差为1.8%-2.9%。对某煤厂聚酯废气进行实测，取得了较为满意的结果。     

Efficient visible light photo-Fenton-like degradation of organic pollutants using in situ surface-modified BiFeO3 as a catalyst

The visible light photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles was investigated using Methyl Violet (MV), Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol as probes. Under optimum conditions, the pseudo first-order rate constant (k) was determined to be 2.21×10^-2, 5.56×10^-2 and 2.01×10^-2 min^-1 for the degradation of MV (30 μmol/L), RhB (10 μmol/L) and phenol (3 mmol/L), respectively, in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-visible light (Vis) system. The introduction of visible light irradiation increased the k values of MV, RhB and phenol degradation 3.47, 1.95 and 2.07 times in comparison with those in dark. Generally, the k values in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system were accelerated by increasing BiFeO₃ load and H₂O₂ concentration, but decreased with increasing initial pollutant concentration. To further enhance the degradation of pollutants at high concentrations, BiFeO₃ was modified with the addition of surface modifiers. The addition of ethylenediamineteraacetic acid (EDTA, 0.4 mmol/L) increased the k value of MV degradation (60 μmol/L) from 1.01×10^-2 min^-1 in the BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system to 1.30 min^-1 in the EDTA-BiFeO₃-H₂O₂-Vis system by a factor of 128. This suggests that in situ surface modification can enable BiFeO₃ nano-particles to be a promising visible light photo-Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.     

磁种混凝法去除校园污水中COD的试验研究

运用磁种混凝技术处理校园生活污水,通过分析原水水质,磁种（Fe3O4）、混凝剂PAC（聚合氯化铝）或PAS（聚合硫酸铝）、助凝剂PAM（聚丙烯酰胺）投加方式及投加量考察对COD去除效果的影响。实验表明：磁种的添加量和添加方式对水处理起到关键性作用。先添加磁粉0.3g/L,再添加PAC 0.3g/L,PAM 0.002g/L混合搅拌出水COD去除率为78.90%,处理后COD含量43.60mg/L,达到排放标准。     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in water and suspended particulate matter from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China

The residues of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and HCHs and DDTs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from rivers and lakes in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China, were investigated. The concentration of total OCPs in surface water varied from 1.01 to 46.49 ng l⁻¹ (mean 10.55 ng l⁻¹). The levels of total HCHs (ΣHCH) and total DDTs (ΣDDT) in surface water were in the range of 0.55–28.07 ng l⁻¹ and lower than detection limit to 16.71 ng l⁻¹, respectively, which was lower than Chinese standards on the whole. For OCPs residues in SPM, the mean levels varying from 0.20 to 34.72 ng l⁻¹ and 0.46 to 2.72 ng l⁻¹ for ΣHCH and ΣDDT, respectively, which ranked the relatively higher levels among Chinese studied rivers. Results from this investigation showed that previous excessive usage of technical OCPs was the main reason for the residues of HCHs and DDTs both in surface water and SPM, although some new sources were likely to occurred in the region. Apart from the OCPs in SPM originated from upstream in flood season, one of the important sources of OCP residues both in water and SPM in Yangtze River was supposed to be the inputs of its tributaries. Additionally, in situ water-SPM phase distributions of OCPs indicated that HCHs tended totransport with water as well as DDTs was prone to combine with SPM in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan.     

TiO2投加量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aro-clor1260的影响

在紫外灯照射下,催化剂TiO₂的投入量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aroclor1260有显著的影响.但TiO₂的投入量并不与Aroclor1260的降解速率成正比关系,而是有一个最佳投入量,在本文的实验条件下,这个最佳值为60mg(3g/L).TiO2的表面载银量越多,Aroclor1260的降解速率也越大,而且浓度相对较高的PCB单体化合物的降解速率大于浓度相对较低的PCB单体化合物的降解速率.对于多数PCB单体化合物而言,TiO₂的催化活性随其表面载银量的增加而增强.