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101.
Climatic drivers of potential hazards in Mediterranean coasts 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla Cesar Mösso Joan Pau Sierra Marc Mestres Ali Harzallah Mohamed Senouci Mohamed El Raey 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):617-636
This paper studies climatic drivers (air and water temperature, precipitation rates, river discharge, sea level and storm
patterns) in four Mediterranean regions: the Catalan-Valencia Coast (Spain), the Oran (Algeria) and Gabès (Tunisia) Gulfs
and the western Nile Delta (Egypt). The paper also considers the potential hazards that these drivers can induce. It first
analyses climatic trends in the drivers, taking into account the available time series of recorded and simulated meteo-oceanographic
data from different sources. Next, it presents the general framework to assess biogeophysical hazards (flooding, erosion,
droughts and water quality), followed by a simple and yet robust evaluation of those hazards for the four studied coastal
sites. Assuming climate change projections under different scenarios and considering the observed trends in drivers, the resulting
erosion rates due to sea-level rise and wave storm effects have been estimated. The Nile and Ebro Deltas, together with the
Oran Gulf, are more vulnerable than the Gulfs of Valencia and Gabès. Regarding water quality in terms of (a) precipitation
and dissolved oxygen in the water column and (b) sea surface temperature, the results show that the most vulnerable zones
for the projected conditions (a) are the Gulfs of Oran, Valencia and Gabès, while the Nile Delta is the region where the decrease
in water quality will be less pronounced. For the projected conditions (b), the most vulnerable zone is the Ebro Delta, while
the impact in the other three cases will be smaller and of comparable magnitude. Finally, the overall future impact of these
hazards (associated to climatic change) in the four sites is discussed in comparative terms, deriving some conclusions. 相似文献
102.
Henry’s law constant measurements for formaldehyde and benzaldehyde as a function of temperature and water composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lyassine Allou Lahcen El Maimouni Stéphane Le Calvé 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(17):2991-2998
Henry’s law constants H of formaldehyde and benzaldehyde were determined using a dynamic system based on the water/air equilibrium at the interface within the length of a microporous tube. The measurements were conducted over the range 273–293 K in (i) deionized water, (ii) 35 g L?1 solution of NaCl simulating seawater and (iii) two nitric acid solutions, i.e. 0.63 and 6.3 wt%.In pure water, the obtained data were used to derive the following Arrhenius expressions: ln H = (6423 ± 542)/T ? (13.4 ± 2.0) and ln H = (6258 ± 280)/T ? (17.5 ± 1.0) for formaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively. The H values, calculated at 293 K from Arrhenius expressions cited above were the following (in units of M atm?1): H = 5020 ± 1170 (formaldehyde), H = 47 ± 5 (benzaldehyde). The temperature dependence of H permits then to derive the solvation enthalpies for both compounds: ΔHsolv = ?(53.4 ± 4.5) kJ mol?1 and ΔHsolv = ?(52.0 ± 2.3) kJ mol?1 for formaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively.In 35 g L?1 salt solution, the H values were 27–66% and 12–21% lower than their respective determinations in deionized water, for formaldehyde and benzaldehyde respectively. The observed salt effect was used to estimate the following Setschenow coefficients at 293 K for 0.6 M NaCl: formaldehyde (0.21) and benzaldehyde (0.09).In 6.3 wt% nitric acid solution, H values of benzaldehyde were approximately 30% higher than those found in pure water although no significant influence was observed for formaldehyde.Finally, our experimental data were then used to estimate the fractions of formaldehyde and benzaldehyde in atmospheric aqueous phase and their derived atmospheric lifetimes. 相似文献
103.
Ronan Cariou Philippe Marchand Aline Brosseaud El Mostafa Qannari Bruno Le Bizec 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):941-4047
Current European Union regulation regarding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in food and feed is based on Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) concept. For confirmatory purpose, the isotope-dilution method associated to a measurement by gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry is usually the method of choice for precisely measuring the 29 target congeners in three separated fractions. Time and cost related to these analyses are very significant. Various kinds of screening concepts can be considered. In the present study, we elaborated and validated a prediction model for the 2005 World Health Organization TEQ in fish, based on the measurement of 4 PCDD/F and 2 non-ortho dl-PCB congeners, potentially analyzable in a single extracted fraction by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Large independent datasets have been used for model elaboration (n = 108) and validation (n = 363, n = 357 and n = 6). 相似文献
104.
Hicham El Bakouri José Morillo José Usero Abdelhamid Ouassini 《Water environment research》2008,80(7):609-616
This work proposes a viable remediation method based on the use of natural organic substances (NOSs) that characterize the Mediterranean region to improve the ecological system. A series of experiments, including variable conditions, such as temperature, pH, contact time, and pesticide concentration, were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of endosulfan sulfate removal from water by NOSs. Experimental results showed that the pH and temperature of pesticide solutions negatively affect the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity for a specific initial concentration of endosulfan sulfate (0.5 microg/L) was achieved with Origanum compactum (75%), followed by Cistus ladaniferus and Raphanus raphanistrum (72 and 68%, respectively). The adsorption tests gave very satisfying results and point to the possible application of these supports as a remediation technique to prevent pesticide contamination of aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
105.
This paper discusses the social science and engineering dimensions of search and rescue (SAR) in collapsed buildings. First, existing information is presented on factors that influence the behaviour of trapped victims, particularly human, physical, socioeconomic and circumstantial factors. Trapped victims are most often discussed in the context of structural collapse and injuries sustained. Most studies in this area focus on earthquakes as the type of disaster that produces the most extensive structural damage. Second, information is set out on the engineering aspects of urban search and rescue (USAR) in the United States, including the role of structural engineers in USAR operations, training and certification of structural specialists, and safety and general procedures. The use of computational simulation to link the engineering and social science aspects of USAR is discussed. This could supplement training of local SAR groups and USAR teams, allowing them to understand better the collapse process and how voids form in a rubble pile. A preliminary simulation tool developed for this purpose is described. 相似文献
106.
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of subjective reports of drowsy driving and non-driving duties on the falling asleep responses and road crash involvement of professional drivers in Crete. An attempt was also made to elucidate other driving parameters, such as freight transportation, which could be potential predictors of risky driving, after controlling for lifestyle patterns. METHOD: A sample of 317 professional drivers was studied through personal interviews. The interview questionnaire included items about sleep and fatigue as contributing factors to falling asleep probability and crash risk. In addition, the drivers reported the type of freight they carried in their last trip, as well as practices such as smoking and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The first logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictors of falling asleep at the wheel were transportation of fruits/vegetables and livestock, non-driving hours of work, insufficient hours of sleep, and smoking. The second logistic regression analysis revealed all the previous items as powerful factors of crash probability, including the transportation of express freight and freezer. IMPACT: The findings of the current study are discussed as they pertain to directions for future studies and for the development of fatigue countermeasures. 相似文献
107.
El Sherbiny SA Youssef NF Ibrahim OA Abadir MF 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(6):597-602
Waste by-pass cement dust was added in different percentages ranging from 2% to 10% to a standard mix for sewer pipes manufacture, as a substitute for expensive feldspar. It was found that a mix consisting of 45% kaolin, 36% ball clay, 9% grog and 10% by-pass dust and fired at a temperature of 1300 degrees C for 4 h yielded samples that meet the standards. It was possible to reach a water absorption of 4%, a modulus of rupture of 7.8 MPa and a resistance to acids and alkalis conforming with standard values. A test pipe was fabricated by vacuum extrusion using the suggested composition and was found to withstand a hydraulic pressure of 14 MPa for one minute without the appearance of any cracks. 相似文献
108.
Rafik Sifeddine Chaoui Meriem Assabban Yassin Jazi Salima Choukr-Allah Redouane El Gharouss Mohamed Hirich Abdelaziz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46692-46703
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Agriculture faces many challenges such as climate change, droughts, and salinity, which requires urgent interventions for fast adaptation and... 相似文献
109.
Heli Sirén Samira El Fellah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16765-16785
A novel analytical-scale concept to improve reliability of detection and analysis of natural and processed wastewater samples from a purification plant was developed. A sequential sample clean-up system of polymer-based octadecyl and silane-based quaternary amine sorbents were used for concentrating human based steroid hormones and their metabolites and detecting them by UV absorption with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The water samples were collected from influent and effluent processes of the water purification plant in Helsinki, Finland.The CE methods were partial-filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. The analysis times and method concentration levels were optimized with eight steroids at the range of 0.5–10 mg/L. Since in CE the detectable quantities were higher than the existing amounts in the process waters, the real samples needed matrix removal combined with steroid enrichment. After 20,000-fold concentration testosterone-glucoside, androstenedione, progesterone, and estradiol-glucoside could be determined in the process water samples. The amounts of individual steroids in influent and effluent waters were 0–429 and 0–207 ng/L, respectively. Correspondently, their total amounts were 735 and 212 ng/L with excellent in day and inter-day repeatability. The RSD values were less than 1, 9.7, and 19% in repeated analyses, calculated from 60 analyses during 24 h, and from 130 analyses during 15 months, respectively. The steroid removal in purification process was 65% on average. The solid particles separated in three steps during the water clean-up concept contained 9.8–45 ng/g steroids in combined dry precipitates. 相似文献
110.
Mohamed Kaddari Mahmoud El Mouden Abdelowahed Hajjaji 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(10):839-844
This paper presents potential energy savings by installing high-efficiency motors instead of existing ones and their impact on greenhouse gases emissions reductions. This research study of the energy efficiency of electric motors has been performed in a typical thermal power plant. In the literature, the focus has been mainly on separate and away electric motors from operating facilities. The important advantage of this paper over other studies is that it uses the actual motors’ efficiency in the evaluation. The gains both in terms of electrical energy savings and in terms of financial economy by using high-efficiency motors have been discussed. As a result, the energy saving can be expected as 12.6% at the operating rate. This excellent result also reduces greenhouse gas emission by 1,423 tons every year. The analysis of the data provided an overview on energy losses often generated by the degradation and rewinding of electrical motors. This study represents very encouraging results that will help energy managers of industrial plants to become more involved in energy efficiency strategies. 相似文献